Document Type : Agricultural Entomology
Authors
Abstract
In this study, the effects of,Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp kurstaki on the larval stages of Archips rosanus Linnaeus was investigated. Dipping methodwas usedfor bioassayin vitro. LC50 and LC90 of the first and, the sum of second and third larval instars were shown to be 4480, 9010 and 4460 19040 ppm, respectively. A semi-field experiment on the two-year Washington navel (Citrus sinensis(L) Osbeck.Var novel) plants with 5 treatments and water as control was conducted in a completely randomized design. After data analysis, LC50 and LC90 of the first and the second instars larvae of A. rosanus 96 hours after treatment were 2130, 13790 and 2840, 16840 ppm, respectively. The field experiment was conducted in 3,000 m2 orchard of 30 hectares. In this experiment, four treatments namely, Malathion (2000 ppm), B. thuringiensis (0.5 and 1 percent) and water as acontrol compared with each other. The average number of alive larvae of A. rosanus on sample units trees in the first year had no significant difference, but in the second year on the trees for the control,B. thuringiensis (0.5, 1 percent) and Malathion 7 days after treatment,were 5.466a, 2.4c, 4.4ab and 3.266bc, respectively. Overall results showed that microbial insecticide B.t has killing efficiency for the larvae in the orchards.
Keywords
Main Subjects
ABEDI, Z., M. SABER, G. H. GHARAKHANI and E. PARSAEYAN, 2011. Efficacy Azadirachtin and Bacillus thuringiensis and their interactions on Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.: Noctuidae). 2nd Iranian Pest Management Conference (IPMC)- 14 and 15 September 2011, Kerman, Iran.
ALINIAZEE, M. 1974. Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis against Archips rosanus (Lep.: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, No. 106:393–398.
ANONUMOUS. 2011. Pesticides as water pollutants - FAO: Food and Agriculture Oranization of the UnitedNations. Home, http://www.fao.org
ARAMIDEH, S. H., M. H. SAFARALIZADEH, A. A. PORMIRZA and R. PARVIZI, 2006. The survey of susceptibility of larval, prepupal and pupal stages of Spodoptera exigua H. to Steinernema carpocapsae in laboratory conditions and on the beet plant, Journal of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, No. 12: 159-166. (in Persian with English summary)
ASLAM KHAN, M. D. 2012. Microbial control of Spilarctia obliqa (Lep.:Arctiidae), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University. Jazan -114. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
AYDOĞDU, M. 2014. Parasitoid abundance of Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Tortricidae) in organic cherry orchards, North-Western Journal of Zoology, No. 10: 42-47.
BOULTON, T. J. 2003. Response of non target Lepidoptera to Foray 48 B Bacillus thuringiensis Var kurstaki on Vancover Island, British Colombia, Canada, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, No. 23: 1297–1304.
DAMAVANDIAN, M. R. 2007. Laboratory and field evaluation of mineral oil spray for the control of citrus red mite, panonychus citri (McGregor). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B- Soil and Plant Science, no. 57: 92-96.
EL-BANNA, A., I. S. ABDEL-WAHAB, A. S. EL-AKAD, and N. S. AMIN, 2012. Efficiency of the bioagent Bacillus thuringensis Kurstaki on the lesser cottonleafworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hb), Journal of Biological Science, No. 5:141-145.
FERRARI, R. and M. TREVISAN, 1978. Control of Hyphantria cunea and repercussion cultures of Bombyx mori , Informatore fitopatologico, No. 37:55-58 .
FERRO, D. N. and R. LOPEZ, 1995. Larviposition response of Myiopharus doryphora to Colorado potato larvae treated with lethal and subletal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp.tenebrionis. Journal of Economic Entomology, No. 88: 870-874.
FINNEY, D. J. 1971. Probit analysis. 3 rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, pp: 333.
GU, K., H. MAO and Z. YIN, 2014. Production of marker-free transgenic Jatropha curcas expressing hybrid Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin Cry1Ab/1Ac for resistance to larvae of tortrix moth (Archips micaceanus), Biotechnology for Biofuels, No. 7:68.
IBRAHIM, M. A., N. GRIKO, M. JUNKER and L. A. BULLA, 2010. Bacillus thuringiensis, a genomics and proteomics perspective, Bioengineered Bugs, No. 1:31-50.
JAVVI, E., M. H. SAFAR ALI ZADEH and A. A. POURMIRZA, 2005. Studies on the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on different larval instars of Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and the role of synergists in enhancement of it’s efficiency under laboratory conditions, Journal of Water and Soil Science, No. 8: 187 – 199.(in Persian with English summary)
KARACA, G., I. KARACA, N. YARDIMIC, O. DEMIROZER, B. ASLAN and H. CULAL KILIK, 2010. Investigation onpests, diseases and present early warning system of apple orchards in Isparta, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(6):834-841.
KARIMZADEHESFAHANI, J., M.H., BESHARATNEJAD, Z. KAZEMZADEH and M. R. REZAPANAH, 2012. The lethal effect of three commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Plutella xylostella L., The 2nd National Seminar on Food Security, Islamic Azad University Savadkooh Branch, 18-19 october, 2012 Savadkooh, Iran. (in Persian with English summary)
KHALIL ARYA, A., M. DANYALI and M. MOSTAAN, 1998. Control of Yponomeuta malinellus by Bacillus thuringiensis and its comparison to Zolone phosphorus pesticide. Proceeding of the 13th, Iranian Plant Protection Congress 23-27 August 1998 Karaj, Iran, pp. 125. (in Persian with English summary)
KNAAK, N., A. R., FRANZ, G. F. SANTOS and L. M. FIUZA, 2010. Histopathology and the lethal effect of Cry proteins and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Caterpillars (Lep.:Noctuidae), Brizilian Journal of Biology, No. 70: 677 – 684.
KOT, I. 2007. Parasitic entomofauna of leaf tortricids (Lep.: Tortricidae) occurring in apple orchards.Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural, No. 10: 27.
MAFI PASHAKOLAEE, S. A., R. NOURI, H. BARARI, and M. R. BABAEE, 2014.Preliminary investigation of biology of Archips rosanus (Lep.: Tortricidae) in orchards of Thomson orange in Sari, Iran. The 2nd Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Sources, Mehrarvand Institute of Technology, Abadan, Iran,
1- 8. (in Persian with English summary)
1- 8. (in Persian with English summary)
MASCARENHAS, V. J. and R. G. LUTTRELL, 1997. Combined effect of sublethal exposure to cotton expressing the endotoxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis and natural enemies on survival of bollworm (Lep.: Noctuidae) larvae, Environmental Entomology, No. 26: 939-945.
MASHHADI JAFARLOO, M. and M. DANYALI, 1998. The influence of several microbial insecticides on Yponomeuta malinellus in East Azarbayejan province. Proceeding of the 13th, Iranian Plant Protection Congress 23-27 August 1998 Karaj, Iran. (in Persian with English summary)
MOHAMED HAGGAG, W. and H. A. L. A. MOHAMED, 2007. Biotechnological Aspects of Microorganisms Used in Plant Biological Control, American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, No. 1: 7-12.
ROMEIS, J., A. DUTTON and F. BIGLER, 2003. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Cry1Ab) has no direct effect on larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neu: Chrysopidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, No. 50 : 175–183.
SARUHAN, I., I. AKCA and R. KUSHIYEV, 2014. Toxicity of Some Biopesticides to the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Durry (Lep.: Arctidae), Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, No. 24: 255-257.
SHIKANO, I. and J. S. CORY, 2014.Genetic resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis alters feeding behaviour in the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni Hubner, PLoS ONE, No. 9: 85709.
TALAEI-HASSANLOEI, R., R. BAKHSHAEI, V. HOSSEININAVEH and A. KHORRRAMNEZHAD, 2014. Effect of midgut proteolyticactivity on susceptibility of Lepidopteran larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp Kurstaki, Perspective Article, No. 4:1-6.
VAN ARC, H. 1983. Introduction to probit analysis with (LSTATS) P/PROBAN, Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Republic of South Africa, No. 399.
VATANDOOST, A. 2013. The bioassay study and calculation of LC50 and LC90 of Bacillus thuringiensis on Ennomus quercinaria (Haufnagel) in Mazandaran province. The second National Congress on Organic and Conventional Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, 21 – 22 Aug., 2013, pp. 382 – 384. (in Persian with English summary)
YEZZA, A. and R. D. TYAGI, 2006. Correlation between entomotoxicity potency and protease activity produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki grown in wastewater sludge, Process Biochemistry, No. 41:794-800.
)