Determination of morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli causal agent of gladiolus wilt and yellow disease in Mahallat

Document Type : Plant Pathology

Authors

1 Department of Technology and production Management, Ornamental Plants Research center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mahallat, Iran.

2 Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mahallat, Iran.

Abstract

Corm rot and Fusarium yellowing are the major disease of gladiolus with widespread prevalence. The causal agent is the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, which causes corm rot, leaf yellowing, and eventual plant death of gladiolus. Fusarium yellowing and wilt is a severe and highly destructive disease, causing 30–70% yield losses in gladiolus. Disease management relies on integrated strategies, including cultural, chemical, and biological methods, as well as using resistant cultivars. The morphological and biological characteristics of the fungal isolates isolated from the infected plant tissues studied in this research project. Additionally, four pairs of universal and specific primers used to determine species identification, forma specialis and the race of selected isolates. Results demonstrated that all isolates were pathogen on gladiolus cv. Oscar. Universal primers ITS and Tef enabled fungal identification at the subspecies level. Application of primer pairs FOGA/B and FOGE/F revealed that all examined isolates belonged to race 2 of the fungus. This study represents the first molecular characterization and identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (FOG) isolates from Iran.
 
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Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Volume 93, Issue 2
March 2026
Pages 138-153

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