The efficacy of integrating emulsifiable oil, Spirotetramat and insecticidal soap treatments on control of Armenian comma hard scale, Lepidosaphes malicola (Hem.: Diaspipdidae)

Document Type : Agricultural Entomology

Authors

1 Plant Protection Research Department, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran

2 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj university, Yasouj, Iran

4 Agricultural Jihad Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Plant protection department, Yasouj, Iran.

5 Plant Protection Research Department, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasuj, Iran

Abstract

Armenian comma hard scale, Lepidosaphes malicola, is one of the important pests of fruit trees in cold climate regions, especially in apple orchards.  Scale insects are difficult to manage using pesticides alone due to their waxy cover that reduces penetration of pesticides. Therefore, performing a management plan for the effective control of this pest has been considered in this research. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in two apple orchards of Dashteroom and Kakan regions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The winter treatments included winter emulsifiable oil (Volk®), spirotetramat (Movento®) and insecticidal soap (Palizin®). The 1.5% emulsifiable oil (Volk®) was applied to overwintering stage of this pest. Application of winter oil caused 37.6 and 31.8 percent egg mortality in Dashtroom and Kakan regions, respectively. The mean comparison of the treatments efficacy against the crawles of the first generation showed 84% mortality for 1.5 ml/L insecticidal soap and 97% mortality for 0.75 ml/L spirotetramat.On the basis of the results, it was found that the best program for management of this pest includes winter application of 1.5% emulsifiable oil, followed by spraying of 0.75% spirotetramat against the crawlers of the first generation of this pest. In addition to choosing the type of the treatment, the optimum time to determine spraying time was based on the emergence of more than 50% of crawlers that is also a key factor in successful management of this pest.
 
 

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Applied Entomology and Phytopathology
Volume 93, Issue 2
March 2026
Pages 222-233

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