Applied Entomology and Phytopathology

Metabolic effects of Pyriproxyfen on bioaccumulation of bioenergetic resources in Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)

Z. HAJSAMADI; M. MOVAHEDI FAZEL; A. A. KAVOUSI; K. FOTOUHI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 1-12

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106679

Abstract

Stored bioenergetic resources in overwintering adults of sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put is important in their winter survival. In this research, the effects of pyriproxyfen 10 ... Read More

Resistance induction to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) in broad been by salicylic acid and β-aminobutyric acid

A. NAYEBZADEH; G.R. SHARIFI-SIRCHI; K. AHMADI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 13-20

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106534

Abstract

Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is the most important pest of stone fruit trees such as peach and plum. It damages annual crops as common been, tomato, potato, cabbage and herbs. ... Read More

Effects of polyethylene mulches in reducing viruses causing mosaic in outdoor cucurbit

S. JALALI; M. R. NEMATOLLAHI; A. FARHADI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 21-30

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106680

Abstract

Polyethylene mulches have been recently used widely for different reasons in vegetable culturing. To evaluate the effects of colored mulches on the repelling vector aphids, plant growth ... Read More

Incidence of Strawberry important virus diseases in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces

GH. NASIRINIA; R. POURRAHIM; S. A. S. A. ELAHINIA; A. A. ROUHIBAKHSH; SH. FARZADFAR

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 31-42

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106681

Abstract

According to the importance of strawberry cultivation in Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, virus diseases of strawberry were studied in 2013. Totally 422 and 223 random and symptomatic ... Read More

Genetic variation of virulence in Iranian isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola using wheat differential cultivars

A. MOHAMMADBEYGI; R. ROOHPARVAR; M. TORABI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 43-54

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106682

Abstract

For resistance to septoria tritici blotch, information on genetic variation of Pathogenicity and virulence in population of the causal agent is necessary to improve resistant cultivars ... Read More

Assessment of partial resistance of wheat cultivars to Phaeosphaeria nodorum in Iran

F. GHADERI; B. SHRIFNABI; M. JAVANNIKKHAH

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 55-66

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106668

Abstract

Stagonospora nodorum bloch (SNB) is an important fungal disease of durum and common in many parts of the world. The objective of this research was to evaluate 26 wheat cultivars for ... Read More

Distribution scenario of two species of green bugs Brachynema germarii and Nezara viridula (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae) in Kerman Province

T. TAVANPOUR; A. SARAFRAZI; M. R. MEHRNEJAD; S. IMANI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 67-78

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106611

Abstract

In order to determining of the distribution models and potential areas of two heteropteran green bugs, namely Brachynema germarii and Nezara viridula, the Maximum Entropy model (Maxent) ... Read More

Evaluation between resistances to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and some biochemical and morphological traits in some Iranian endemic cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) landrace

M. HANIFEI; H. DEHGHANI; R. CHOOKAN

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 79-96

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106669

Abstract

Study on relationships between resistance and its components will improve the efficiency of a breeding program with appropriate selection criteria. In this study, 57 endemic landrace ... Read More

Study of infestation rate of different almond cultivars to Osphranteria coerulescens inaurata Holz. and role of trap-plants on its control

S. ROSHANDEL; F. SALEHI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 97-104

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106789

Abstract

Damage of Rosaceae branch borer Osphranteria coerulescens inaurata and the roll of trap plants on its control were investigated. Infestation rate of almond cultivars Prunus dulcis was ... Read More

Etiology of spot occurrence on apple fruits in Semirom region, Iran

A. HEIDARIAN; M. R. NEMATOLLAHI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 105-118

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106537

Abstract

In recent years, spot symptoms occurred and developed on fruits of apples in the commercial orchards of Semirom, Iran. Plant protection investigations revealed different causes inducing ... Read More

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Fig badnavirus-1 Iranian isolates on the Basis of the Protease Gene

A. ALISHIRI; F. RAKHSHANDEHROO; GH. SALEHI JOUZANI; M. SHAMS-BAKHSH

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 119-130

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106791

Abstract

Fig badnavirus-1, a species of the genus Badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae, is one the most prevalent viruses associated with the fig mosaic disease through in fig plantations ... Read More

Sequential sampling plans with fixed levels of precision for Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Psyllidae) adults in citrus orchards of south of Iran

F. PARSI; SH SHAHROKHI KHANGHAH

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 131-140

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106612

Abstract

Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphoina citri, is one of the most important pests of citrus in South of Iran, mainly because it is the vector of causal bacterium of Greening disease. In this ... Read More

Distribution, specific detection and the pathogenesis variation of Calonectria pseudonaviculata isolates , causal agent of boxwood blight disease, in Hyrcanian forest of Iran

P. KHAZAELI; S. REZAEI; M. MIRABOLFATHY; H. R. ZAMANIZADEH; H. KIADALIRI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 141-156

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106536

Abstract

During recent years outbreak of box blight trees causing sudden leaf abscission have declined about 40000 hectares boxwood trees in Northern forests of Iran. Calonectria pseudonaviculata ... Read More

Introduction and Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease

K. BANANEJ

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 157-174

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106535

Abstract

بیـمــاری پیـچـیـــــدگــــی بــــرگ زرد گـــــوجــــــه‌فـــــرنــگــی (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease, TYLCD) ... Read More بیـمــاری پیـچـیـــــدگــــی بــــرگ زرد گـــــوجــــــه‌فـــــرنــگــی (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease, TYLCD) برای اولین بار همراه با طغیان جمعیت‌های زیادی از سفـیدبالک (Bemisia tabaci) در مزارع گوجـه‌فرنـگی (Solanum esculentum) دره اردن در اواخـر سـال 1930 میلادی گزارش و از اوایل دهه 60 میلادی به یکی از بیماری‌های مهم و خسارت‌زا در بسیاری از مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی دنیا تبدیل گردید. در طی 3 دهه اخیر بیماری (TYLCD) به مشکل جدی تولید گوجه‌فرنگی در بسیاری از کشورها در دنیا تبدیل گشته است. خـسارت ناشی از این بیماری در برخی از مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی بین ۹۳ تا ۱۰۰ درصد گزارش شده است. گیاهان آلوده دارای میوه‌های کم، ریز و در برخی موارد به دلیل ریزش پیش از موعد گل، فاقد میوه هستند. ماهیت ویروسی (TYLCD) و ارتبـاط آن با سفیـدبالک (B. tabaci) برای اولین بار در سال 1964 میلادی اثبات گردید. سپس ویروس عامـل بیمـاری (TYLCD) شنـاسـایی و تحت عنــوان ویـــروس پیــچیــدگی بــرگ زرد گــوجــه‌فــــرنــگی (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) نام‌گذاری و در اواخر دهه هشتاد میلادی ژنوم آن بطور کامل تعیین توالی گردید. ویروس TYLCV از تیره ویروس‌های دوقلو (Geminiviridae) و از اعضای جنس بگوموویروس (Begomovirus) است. بیماری (TYLCD) برای اولین بار در ایران در سال 1372 از برخی مزارع گوجه‌فرنگی استان‌های هرمزگان و سیستان و بلوچستان و سپس در فاصله یک دهه از بسیاری استان‌های کشور از قبیل کرمان، بـــوشهر، خوزستان، مرکزی، اصفهان، تهران، گلستان، مازندران، خراسان رضوی و یزد گزارش و در حال حاضر به یکی از عوامل اصلی کــاهش میــزان محصول گوجه‌فرنگی در ایران تبدیل گشته است.

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on the Management of Brevicoryne brassicae in Rapeseed Fields

A. MOHISENI; M. DASHADI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 175-186

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106792

Abstract

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) is the most important pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Iran. Two same field trials (control and infested) were conducted to study ... Read More

The efficacy of some volatile organic compounds of Trichoderma asperellum in control of Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of strawberry gray mold

F. JALALI; D. ZAFARI; H. SALARI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 187-202

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.107010

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in suppression of mycelial growth and conidial germination of Botrytis ... Read More

First report of two species of the genus Temelucha (Hym.: Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) from Iran (short report)

A. MOHAMMADI-KHORRAMABADI; H. LOTFALIZADEH; M. SHAMSZADEH

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 203-206

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.107011

Abstract

The subfamily Cremastinae (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) consists of more than 756 species classified into 35 genera. The wasps of the subfamily are mainly parasitoids of Lepidoptera and has ... Read More The subfamily Cremastinae (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) consists of more than 756 species classified into 35 genera. The wasps of the subfamily are mainly parasitoids of Lepidoptera and has a worldwide distribution (9). The genus Temelucha Forster, 1869 with 236 described species is the largest genus of the subfamily, 47 of which distributed in the west Palaearctic (8; 9). A revised and updated dichotomous Key for identification of the species of the genus in the west Palaearctic was provided by Vas (2016) (8). Until now, 24 species of the subfamily have been reported from Iran, 15 of which belong to the genus Temelucha (1). In this study two species of the genus, T. minuta (Morely, 1912) and T. notata Kolarov, 1989 were introduced which are new records to the insects fauna of Iran (1; 9). The first one has been reared from the larvae of the second seed feeder moth of saxaul, Prorophora albidogilvella Roesler, 1970 (Lep.: Pyralidae) during 1997 in Yazd province and the second one has been collected during 2014 from the west Azarbaijan province using Malaise traps. Identifications were done by the first author using keys and descriptions available in the literature (1; 8). In addition, T. decorata was also collected and identified from the west Azarbaijan province which is newly reported from this province (1; 3; 2). Specimens of these species were deposited in the insects collection of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. Temelucha minuta (Morely, 1912): Material examined: Iran, Yazd province, Yazd (31° 89´ N, 54° 36´ E, 1230 m a.s.l.), 1♀, 9.09.1997, Reared from P. albidogilvella, Leg. M. Shamszadeh; the west Azarbaijan province, Urmieh, Kahriz (N= 37° 53´, E= 45° 02´, 1321 m a.s.l), 1♀, 22.06.2014, Malaise trap, Leg. H. Lotfalizadeh Diagnostic morphological character: The parasitoid wasp T. minuta can be identified from other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: adult small, body length 2.5 mm; fore wing with apical part of veins unpigmented, only basal part of the veins pigmented; mesosoma predominantly black (8). General distribution: Austalia, Cyprus, India, Madagascar, Reunion, Thailand (9) and Iran (new record). Temelucha notata Kolarov, 1989 : Material examined: Iran, the west Azarbaijan province, Urmia, Kahriz (N= 37° 53´, E= 45° 02´, 1321 m a.s.l), 1♀, 22.06.2014, Malaise trap, Leg. H. Lotfalizadeh. Diagnostic morphological characters: Black species, body length 5 mm; head constricted behind the eyes; clypeus weakly separated from the face, with front and lateral edges convex; mesothorax black; scutellum entirely yellow; propodeum long and not curved in lateral view; hind femur apically yellow; ovipositor apex down-curved (8). General distribution: Bulgaria, Italy (9) and Iran (new record). With the introduction of these two species, the number of reported species of the genus Temelucha from Iran, the west Azarbaijan and Yazd provinces increased to 17, 4 and 1 species, respectively (1; 3; 2; 9). There have been yet reported five species of microlepidoptera as hosts of T. minuta: Bilobata subsecivella (Zeller, 1852) (Lep.: Gelechiidae), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863) (Lep.: Tortricidae), Etiella behrii (Zeller, 1848) (Lep.: Pyralidae) and Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) (9). The host-parasitoid association of the second seed feeder moth of saxaul, P. albidogilvella and T. minuta is newly established. Another parasitoid wasp from the subfamily was also reared on the second seed feeder moth of saxaul as Pharetrophora iranica Narolsky & Schonitzer, 2003 which has been only yet reported from Iran (5; 7). There has not been reported any host for T. notata, but T. decorata has been known as parasitoid of 21 species of Lepidoptera which many of them are among the most important and key pests of agricultural crops and fruits such as Homoeosoma nebulella (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) (Lep.: Pyralidae), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders, 1844) (Lep.: Gelechiidae), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lep.: Plutellidae), Choristoneura murinana Hubner, 1799 (Lep.: Tortricidae), Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) (Lep.: Tortricidae) and Cydia pomonella (L., 1758) (Lep.: Tortricidae). In the west of Iran, another species of the genus, T. lucida, has been recently collected and identified from the oak leaf roller moth, Tortrix viridana (L., 1758) (4). Also, Cremastus lineatus Gravenhorst, 1829 has been reared from Urophora terebrans (Loew) (Dip.: Tephritidae) (6). Future studies on the bioecology of insects and pests in different regions of Iran will get a more complete picture from these parasitoid wasps and their role in natural biological control of their hosts.

First report of breakdown of resistance gene Sr31 in Ardabil by the stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) (short report)

S. A. SAFAVI; F. AFSHARI

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 207-208

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.106790

Abstract

The emergence and spread of highly virulent races of the stem rust pathogen (Ug66 race group of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) threaten wheat production globally. Since the first ... Read More

The first report of the Box Tree Moth from Iran, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) Lep; Crambidae (short report)

Y. AHANGARAN

Volume 84, No. 1 , September 2016, Pages 209-211

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2016.107020

Abstract

Caspian Boxwood, Buxus hyrcana Pojark 1954 (Buxaceae) is one of the rare and evergreen species of the forests in the north of Iran (5). In a visit and survey at Banafsheh forests Park, ... Read More Caspian Boxwood, Buxus hyrcana Pojark 1954 (Buxaceae) is one of the rare and evergreen species of the forests in the north of Iran (5). In a visit and survey at Banafsheh forests Park, Chalus, Iran during June - July of 2016, a new crambid pest was collected and identified as Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859). Identification of the species was based on the available literature. This species which is called Box Tree Moth has hitherto not been reported from Iran and this is the first record of Iran. Specification of area: Banafsheh forest Park, Chaloos area (Chaloos-Kelarabad road longitude: 36°41'22" E, latitude: 51°18'01" N, Altitude: 5- 10 m. The area: 50,000 hectares with boxwood understory. Date of sampling: 19 Jun 2016. All developmental stages of Box tree moth (an average of 20 specimens from each stage) were collected and studied. A number of older larval (five and six instars) were transferred to the laboratory and reared to pupae and adults. Morphological and biological characters: The moth has 6 larval instars (3), length of young larva (first instar) about 0.5 cm and greenish-yellow with black head (Fig 2). mature larvae (sixth instar) 3.5- 4 cm, with green ground color and broad black longitudinal stripes and narrow white ones along their body, large black dots outlined in white on the dorsal side, and white hairs on the black dots (Fig 3), length of pupae 1.5-2 cm, initially green with dark stripes on the dorsal surface, but well grown pupae brown with a dark pattern corresponding to the brown wing borders of the adult (Fig 5). Wingspan of the adults 3.5- 4 cm (1), forewing white and slightly iridescent with a broad, marginal dark brown band, a dark brown band in the costal margin, and a distinct white spot at the anterior margin of discoidal cell. Hind wings the same broad marginal dark brown band as in the forewing (2) (Fig 6). The eggs are deposited under the leaves in a mass containing 3-20 eggs, covered with a translucent gelatinous. They are initially, the eggs pale yellow, but change to black close to hatching (Fig 1). The species has five generations per year in its main habitats, while in European countries up to three generations per year has been reported (1). The biology of the species is still under investigation as this important pest is newly reported for the fauna of Iran. Distribution area: This species is native to some eastern Asian countries (i.e., China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, India and the Russian Far East) (4). In 2006 it was introduced into southwestern Germany and then in 2015 quickly spread up to other European countries (i.e. Switzerland, Netherland, Britain, France, Austria, Italy, Belgium, Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey and Georgia). It was found in North of Iran in Jun 2016. Importance and Damage: The larvae of the box tree moth cause defoliating the host plants and posing a serious damages to these trees. The defoliation reduces the amenity value and repeated severe defoliation can result in the death of plants. Young larvae feed in the lower surfaces of the leaves and leave the upper epidermis intact (Fig 7), whereas older larval stages feed inside the webbing, leaving only midribs intact (Fig 8). If the defoliation produced overlap the effect of drought and high temperature in summer, the risk of drying box trees to is more accentuated (5) (Fig 9).

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Volume & Issue: Volume 84, No. 1 - Serial Number 102, September 2016, Pages 1-211

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