Applied Entomology and Phytopathology

Distribution and some biological and molecular properties of Cauliflower mosaic virus isolates from Iranian cauliflower fields

Shirin Farzadfar; Gholamhosin MOSAHEBI; Ali Ahoonmanesh; Mina KOOHI-HABIBI; Reza Pourrahim; K. OHSHIMA; Alireza Golnaraghi

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 1-25

Abstract

A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) fields. A total of 323 symptomatic cauliflower ... Read More A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) fields. A total of 323 symptomatic cauliflower leaf samples were collected during different growing seasons from 32 fields in six provinces of Iran. These samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using specific CaMV-polyclonal antibody. Serological diagnosis was confirmed by biological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Based on ELISA, 292 cauliflower samples (90.4%) were infected with CaMV, ranging between 63.6-100% in the surveyed fields. Biological diversity of 21 CaMV isolates from various regions and with different symptom severity was evaluated based on their reactions on turnip (Brassica rapa), jimpson weed (Datura stramonium) and kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes) plants. These isolates caused a variety of symptoms on turnip, including local lesions followed by vein clearing, mosaic, vein banding, rugosity and stunting. The severity of systemic symptoms observed varied depending on the isolate. In contrast, symptoms produced by the same isolates in Kohlrabi plants were restricted to older leaves and were much milder. Kohlrabi plants infected by all isolates tested eventually showed recovery and became asymptomatic. Eleven isolates induced local lesions on jimpson weed, and for two isolates, these symptoms were followed by systemic infections. All 21 isolates studied, were transmitted by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). For molecular studies, ORF VI gene of nine selected CaMV isolates were amplified using specific primers. Comparison of sequences of the amplified fragments revealed a high identity (96.9-100%) among Iranian isolates studied. Comparison of these sequences with those available at GenBank indicated the highest identities of these isolates with D/H isolate from Hungary (96.1-96.7%). Phylogenetic studies showed clustering of Iranian isolates in a separate branch, together with the non-North American isolates. The Iranian isolates were also well differentiated from other exotic isolates using Hpy99I restriction enzyme.

Some cryoprotectants of overwintering larvae of rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lep.: Pyralidae) collected from northern parts of Iran

Maryam Atapour; Saeid Moharramipour; Mohsen Barzegar; Abbas Khani

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 27-38

Abstract

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalisWalker overwinters as diapausing last instar larvae in which some carbohydrates were shown to be changed. To determine the presence of these compounds ... Read More

Investigation on the possibility of co-mass trapping of the populations of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and date palm fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans using pheromone traps

Kazem Mohammadpour; Arman Avand-Faghih

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 39-53

Abstract

Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is one of the most important pests of different palms in Asia, North Africa and Europe. At present, it is an internal quarantine pest ... Read More

Biological study of Melanophila (= Trachypteris) picta (Col.: Buprestidae) in Karaj

Mehri Babmorad; Mansour Abaei; Satar Zinali

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 55-71

Abstract

Melanophila picta is one of the most important pests of poplar trees in Karaj. From 1993 to 1995, biology and natural enemies of the pest were studied with weekly samplings of poplar ... Read More

Investigation of herbicide resistance in pigweed (Amaranthus sp.) to chloridazon desmedipham and mixture of these herbicides in some sugar beet fields of Iran

Mahbobeh Partovi; Eskandar Zand; Hasan MOHAMMAD ALIZADEH; Alireza Atri

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 73-88

Abstract

In order to study the possibility of resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus L.and Amaranthus blitoides S.Watsbiotypes to Chloridazon, Desmedipham and mixture of these two herbicides in ... Read More In order to study the possibility of resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus L.and Amaranthus blitoides S.Watsbiotypes to Chloridazon, Desmedipham and mixture of these two herbicides in sugar beet fields of West Azarbayejan, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan and Khoozestan provinces, two experiments were conducted at greenhouse of Weed Research Department of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection during 2003 and 2004. The experimental design was completely randomized design using a factorial approach (27 biotypes of pigweed by 3 herbicides in greenhouse experiments and 6 biotypes of pigweed by one herbicide in bioassay trial) with 4 replications. The seeds that were suspected to be resistant at the recommended rates of herbicides were collected from the fields of these provinces and the susceptible seeds that had never been treated with herbicides were used in these experiments. In the greenhouse experiment for screening the suspected and susceptible biotypes, the percent dry weight and visual control were compared with untreated control biotypes. Any biotype was considered to be possibly resistant if the mean dry weight of the survivors was at least 50% of the untreated control plants. Six biotypes with inadequate control from greenhouse trial were selected and treated with six doses (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 g/l) of Chloridazon in bioassay test using petri-dish. For assessment of biotypes the root length were measured. The greenhouse experiments indicated that none of the biotypes were resistant to these herbicides, but the biotypes showed different responses to the herbicides and the biotypes such as FR(Am)1 and MR(Am.bl)5 were not completely controlled by Chloridazon. The biotypes such as ER(Am)2 and MR(Am.re)1 were less controlled by Desmedipham and also biotypes such as ER(Am)1, ER(Am)3 and MR(Am.bl)6 were inadequately controlled by mixture of two herbicides. Although the biotypes did not show resistance to the herbicides, the repeated use of PS II herbicides can lead to the emergence of resistant weed population. Results in bioassay test showed that with increasing dose of Chloridazon, the percent root length of all biotypes was decreased and herbicide resistance did not observe.

Evaluation of two neo-nicotinoid root absorbing insecticides for virus disease vector controlling in seed potato fields

Reza Pourrahim; Shirin Farzadfar; Hormoz Soltani; Alireza Golnaraghi; Ali Ahoonmanesh

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 89-112

Abstract

Viral diseases and their vector insects have a great concern in seed potato production. Systemic insecticides by killing the vectors reduce the incidence of the diseases especially ... Read More Viral diseases and their vector insects have a great concern in seed potato production. Systemic insecticides by killing the vectors reduce the incidence of the diseases especially in early growing stages of potato plants. In this study, the ability of seed tuber treatment with two neo-nicotinoid root absorbing systemic insecticides, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, were evaluated to control the insect vectors and viral diseases under field conditions with natural occurrence of vector populations. The tests were conducted using a split plot RCBD design with 3 insecticides (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and thiodicarb) as sub-treatment and 2 potato cultivars (Agria and Marfona) as main treatment in 4 replicates. The trials were performed in two locations, Bahar (Hamadan) and Firozkoh (Tehran), in 2001 and 2002. Each insecticide treatment consisted of seed tuber treatment at planting and second treatment at hilling. In seed tuber treatment, thiamethoaxam (Cruiser 350FS), imidacloprid (Gaucho 70WS) and thiodicarb (Larvin DF80) were used at 20mL, 28.5 gr and 37.5 gr ratio for 100 Kg seed tuber, respectively. In soil application at hilling stage of potatoes, thiamethoaxam (Actara 25WG), imidacloprid (Confidor 350SC) and thiodicarb (Larvin DF80) were used at 0.14 gr, 0.14 ml and 0.05 gr ratio, respectively, for each one meter of potato rows in field. Vector populations in 3 groups including aphids, leafhoppers and thrips were evaluated. Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus Y (PVY) in the plots was detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Also, Tomatospotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers as previously described. The data of early and late season tests were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that in early and late season, seed treatment with thiamethoxam and imidacloprid reduced significantly aphid and leafhopper numbers up to 3 fold relative to no treated controls. Thrips population was reduced up to 2 times in early season and 3 times in late season. Also, the incidence of AlMV, PVM, PVS, and PVY reduced up to half in early season and one third in late season in relative to non treated controls. Incidences of PLRV and TSWV in both early and late season were one fourth and one third of no treated controls, respectively. Thiodicarb treatments had not acceptable control on vector and disease incidence. Our results showed that seed potato tuber treatment at planting with thiamethoxam (Cruiser 350FS) or imidacloprid (Gaucho 70WS) at a ratio of 20 gr and 28.5 gr. per 100 kg of tubers, respectively, with a mid season soil application of thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG) or imidacloprid (Confidor 350SC) at a ratio of 0.03 gr and 0.14ml per one meter of plant rows, would reduce the vectors populations and viral disease incidence in potato fields. The Advantages of application of systemic root absorbing pesticids in vector and virus control in seed potato fields was discused.

Antixenotic resistance of fifteen Iranian rice cultivars to rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Col.: Curculionidae)

Fatemeh Hosini; Saeid Moharramipour; Faramarz Alinia

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 113-126

Abstract

Studies were conducted to investigate the antixenotic resistance of 15 Iranian rice cultivars to Sitophilus oryzae (L.) under laboratory conditions at 28 ±1°C, 70 ± ... Read More

Effects of mono and polyculture of cover crops on weed control and yield in tomato fields

Batul Samedani; Hmid Rahimian Mashhadi

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 127-143

Abstract

In two field experiments the effects of cover crop monoculture and polyculture on weed control of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) was investigated in Varamin Research Station during ... Read More

First Report of the hazelnut mite Tetranycopsis horridus (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran (Short report)

Hassan Rahmani; Karim Kamali; Yaghoub Fathipour; Farid Faraji

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 145-146

Abstract

First report of entomogenous fungus Hirsutella versicolor Petch from Iran (Short report)

Rasul Zare; Mehran Ghazavi

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 147-149

Abstract

The first report of a genus and species of platygastrid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from Iran (short report)

E. EBRAHIMI

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 150-150

Abstract

Parasitoids of the almond seed wasp, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hym.: Eurytomidae) in Iran (short report)

Hossein Lotfalizadeh; Arman Avand-Faghih; siamak Roshandel; Ali Jafari Nadoshen

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 151-152

Abstract

Occurrence of Cidaphus alarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) of the subfamily Mesochorinae in Iran (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) (short report)

A. MASNADI-YAZDINEJAD; M. Riedel

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 153-154

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2008.122819

Abstract

New record of sixteen-spot Ladybird, Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Col.: occinellidae) from Iran

Sara Mohammadzadehfard; M. Falahzadeh

Volume 75, No. 2 , March 2008, Pages 155-155

https://doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2008.122820

Abstract

Volume 91 (2023-2024)

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Volume 64 (1997)

Volume & Issue: Volume 75, No. 2 - Serial Number 84, March 2008, Pages 1-155

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