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مقایسه فراوانی و تنوع گونه‌ای بندپایان گیاه‌خوار موجود در زراعت گندم در سامانه‌های خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و متداول در منطقه زرقان فارس

نوع مقاله : حشره شناسی کشاورزی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 محقق بخش تحقیقات بذر و نهال؛ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

3 دانش آموخته گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، فراوانی و تنوع گونه‌ای بندپایان گیاهخوار موجود در زراعت گندمدر سه سامانه‌ی کشت بی‌خاک‌ورزی، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و متداول در دو فصل زراعی متوالی مطالعه شد. نمونه‌برداری در تمام مراحل رشدی گندم و با استفاده از کارت‌های زرد چسبنده، دستگاه مکش و تله‌های خاکی صورت گرفت. از نرم افزار Past برای محاسبه شاخص‌های تنوع شانون- وینر، سیمپسون، برگر- پارکر و شاخص یکنواختی پیلوجی استفاده شد. گونه‌ی Psammotethix alianus  با فراوانی 30.1 درصد تنها گونه فوق غالب در سامانه‌ی کم‌خاک‌ورزی و گونه‌های Malachius bipustulatus (26.13%) و Haplothrips tritici (14%) گونه‌های غالب سامانه‌ی مذکور بودند. در سامانه بی‌خاک‌ورزی (25.6%) P. alianus، H. tritici (24.91%)، Petrobia latens (12.28%) و در سامانه متداول P. alianus (26.66%) وM. bipustulatus (22.78%)  گونه‌های غالب بودند. شاخص شانون در سامانه‌های بی‌خاک‌ورزی، کم‌خاک ورزی و متداول به ترتیب 2.25، 2.13، 2.26، سیمپسون 0.84، 0.81، 0.84، برگر- پارکر 0.25، 0.30، 0.26 و پیلوجی 0.68، 0.64 و 0.67 تعیین شد. در کل، فراوانی بندپایان در سامانه متداول اختلاف معنی‌دار با سامانه‌های بی‌خاک‌ورزی و کم‌خاک‌ورزی نشان داد. همچنین شاخص‌های تنوع و یکنواختی در سامانه کم‌خاک‌ورزی اختلاف معنی‌دار با سامانه‌های متداول و بی‌خاک‌ورزی نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of abundance and species diversity of herbivorous arthropods in wheat fields under conservation and conventional tillage systems in Zarghan region (Fars province, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. PEZHMAN 1
  • L. JOKAR 2
  • M. ZARE MOAYEDI 3

1 Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

2 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department; Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran

3 Plant Protection Graduated Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

In this research, the abundance and species diversity of herbivorous arthropods in wheat fields under no tillage (NT), minimum tillage system (MT) and conventional tillage system (CT) were compared during two successive growing seasons. Sampling was done by pitfall traps, yellow sticky cards and D- vac device during wheat growth stages. Diversity indices (Shannon - Wiener, Simpson, and Berger-Parker) and Pileos evenness Index (J) were determined by Past software. Psammotitix aliens (30.1%) was the only eudominant pest species which found in MT system. Dominant pest species in MT were Mallachius bipustulatus (26.13%) and Haplothrips tritici (14%) while in NT were Psammotitix aliens (25.6%), Haplothrips tritici (24.91%), Petrobia latens (12.28%) and in CT were Psammotitix aliens (26.66%) and Mallachius bipustulatus (22.78%)respectively. Shannon index in NT, MT and CT were 2.25, 2.13 and 2.26, While Simpson and Berger- parker indices were 0.84, 0.81, 0.84 and 0.25, 0.30, 0.26 respectively. As well as, J index in mentioned systems were 0.35, 0.31 and 0.34 respectively. In conclusion,’ herbivorous arthropods abundance in CT showed significant difference with MT and NT systems. As well as, diversity and evenness indices in MT showed significant difference with NT and CT systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservation tillage
  • Conventional tillage
  • herbivorous arthropods
  • species diversity
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 85، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 105
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