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تغییرات فصلی جمعیت مگس میوه زیتون Bactrocera oleae و خسارت آن در باغ‌های زیتون منطقه طارم سفلی در استان قزوین

نوع مقاله : حشره شناسی کشاورزی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور

2 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان

چکیده

مگس میوه زیتون (Bactrocera oleae) آفت کلیدی زیتون در استان­های گیلان، قزوین و زنجان است. در این پژوهش نوسانات فصلی و بیواکولوژی جمعیت باغ­های زیتون ,و میزان آلودگی یاغات زیتون در منطقه طارم سفلی طی سال­های 95-1393 بررسی شد.  نوسانات جمعیت حشرات کامل با استفاده از تله­های فرومون (کارت­های زرد چسبنده) و روند رشدی آفت و درصد آلودگی میوه­ها، با نمونه‌برداری از میوه­ها انجام شد. براساس نتایج، حشرات کامل در تمام طول سال شکار شدند ولی تراکم آنها در زمان­های مختلف بسته به شرایط آب و هوایی متفاوت و دارای 3 تا 4 نسل هم پوشان در سال بود. مراحل نابالغ آفت از اواخر خرداد و شروع تخم­گذاری حشرات ماده روی میوه­ها در اواخر بهار و اوایل تابستان، هم­زمان با سخت شدن هسته زیتون مشاهده شد. این وضعیت بیانگر شروع اولین نسل مگس زیتون بود. نسل دوم آفت از اواخر مرداد تا اواخر شهریور و نسل سوم در اوایل مهر شروع شد. میانگین درصد آلودگی در کلج و قوشچی، در این سه سال، به‌ترتیب 34/2، 1/5، 7/4، 2/6، 7/8 و 3/21 ثبت گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal population changes of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae and its damages on olive orchards in Tarom Sofla (Ghazvin province) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Kihanian 1
  • Mohammad Reza Abbasi Mojdehi 2

2 Plant Protection Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the main pest of olive orchards in Guilan, Qazvin and Zanjan provinces. In this study seasonal population fluctuations, bio-ecology characteristics and olive orchard infestation were investigated in the orchards of Tarom Sofla (Ghazvin province) in 2014- 16. Sex pheromones (on yellow sticky traps) were used to catch the adult flies and fruit sampling carried out to reveal the pest development and fruits infestation rate. Based on the results, flight activity of the adults occurred throughout the season with different densities, which depends on weather conditions. The fly had 3-4 overlapping generation per year. Immature stages observed in mid-Jun. Ovipositing in the fruits (1st generation) started in late spring and early summer, coinciding with pit hardening. The 2nd generation found from mid-August to mid-September and the 3rd generation started from end of September. In three years, the fruit infestation means at Kalaj and Ghoshchi were 2.4%, 5.1%; 4.7%, 6.2% and 8.7%, 21.3%, respectively.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biology
  • ecology
  • olive fruit fly
  • population fluctuations
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 89، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 112
شهریور 1400
صفحه 37-49
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