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تتأثیر سختی و اسیدیته آب بر سمیت حشره‌کش‌ها روی سفیدبالک پنبه Bemisia tabaci

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سختی و اسیدیته از ویژگی‌های مهم آب هستند که می‌توانند بر کارایی آفت‌کش‌ها تأثیر بگذارند. اثر سختی و اسیدیته آب بر کارایی حشره‌کش‌ها روی پوره سن دوم سفیدبالک پنبه Bemisia tabaci با استفاده از روش غوطه وری برگ تعیین شد. در آزمایش اول حشره‌کش‌های مالاتیون، استامی‌پرید و اسپیرومسیفن در نمونه‌های آب چاه های آبیاری در سه سطح سختی 1869، 645 و 265 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، آب استاندارد و دیونیزه برای زیست سنجی استفاده شد. در آزمایش دیگری تأثیر 4 سطح اسیدیته 4، 6، 7 و 9 بر سمیت سه حشره‌کش فوق بررسی شد. با افزایش سختی آب کارایی حشره‌کش‌های آزمایشی کاهش یافت. مقادیر LC50 نشان داد سمیت مالاتیون، استامی‌پرید و اسپیرومسیفن در آب سخت (1869 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) به‌ترتیب 40، 157 و 84 برابر کمتر از آب دیونیزه بود. همچنین کارایی مالاتیون، استامی‌پرید و اسپیرومسیفن در آب با سختی 645 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نیز به‌ترتیب 13، 65 و 39 بار نسبت به آب دیونیزه کمتر بود. آفت‌کش‌ها در اسیدیته 9 در مقایسه با سایر سطوح سمیت کمتری داشتند. مالاتیون در آب با اسیدیته 6 و 7 به‌ترتیب 41/11 و 16/7 برابر کارایی مطلوب‌تری از اسیدیته 9 داشت. عملکرد استامی‌پرید در اسیدیته 7 و 6 به‌ترتیب 72/10 و 89/5 بار بهتر از اسیدیته 9 بود. سمیت اسپیرومسیفن در اسیدیته 7 و 6، به‌ترتیب 51/5 و 82/3 برابر بیشتر از 9 بود. به‌طورکلی کارایی حشره‌کش‌ها در سطوح سختی بالای 265 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و اسیدیته قلیایی کاهش یافت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The influence of water hardness and pH on the toxicity of insecticides on Bemisia tabaci

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Ranjbar 1
  • Hossein Allahyari 2
  • Khalil Talebi Jahromi 2
  • Ahmad Heidari 3

1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Pesticide Researches, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Water hardness and acidity are the important properties that can influence the performance of pesticides. The effect of water hardness and pH on the efficacy of insecticides on second instar nymph of Bemisia tabaci was determined by leaf dip method. In the first experiment, well water samples at 1869, 645, and 265 mg L-1 hardness, standard, and deionized water with malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen used for bioassay. In another experiment, the effect of water pH at four levels 4, 6, 7, 9 on the toxicity of the above three insecticides was investigated. Increasing water hardness reduced the performance of the experimental insecticides. LC50 values showed that the toxicity of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 40, 157, and 84 times less in water with 1869 mg L-1 hardness than deionized water. The efficiency of malathion, acetamiprid, and spiromesifen was 13, 65, and 39 times less in water with 645 ppm hardness than deionized water. Pesticides were less effective at pH 9 compared to other pH levels. Malathion efficacy was 11.41 and 7.16 times better when it was diluted in water with pH 6 and 7 than pH 9. Acetamiprid provided 10.72 and 5.89 times greater toxicity when applied at pH 7 and 6 respectively than water with pH 9. Spiromesifen in deionized water with pH 7 and 6 has exhibited 5.51 and 3.82 times better efficacy compared to the water at the pH level of 9. Overall, the performance of insecticides reduced at hardness levels above 265 ppm and in alkaline pH.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • hard water
  • pesticide efficiency
  • pH
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 89، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 112
شهریور 1400
صفحه 103-115
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