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تاثیر کائولین فرآوری‌شده بر کرم سیب، Cydia pomonella

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی/موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

2 عضو هیات علمی / موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

3 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی

4 عضو هیات علمی / مرکز تحقیقات زنجان

چکیده

شب‌پره کرم سیب، Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (Lep.: Tortricidae)، مهم‌ترین آفت باغات سیب در ایران است که خسارت زیادی به محصول سیب وارد میآورد. تاثیر کائولین فرآوری‌شده (سپیدان® WP95%) بر کرم سیب در سه استان تهران، خراسان رضوی و زنجان، با هدف کاهش مصرف سموم شیمیایی، بررسی شد. به همین منظور، محلول پاشی کامل درختان سیب با غلظتهای 3، 4 و 5 درصد کائولین در مقایسه با حشره‌کش‌های دیازینون (دیازینون® EC60%) و فورالون (زولون® EC35%)، انجام گرفت و اثر کائولین روی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و صفات کمی و کیفی میوه سیب، ارزیابی شد. بر اساس نتایج، کائولین 5 درصد، کارایی مشابه با حشره‌کش‌های رایج داشت. میانگین آلودگی میوه‌ها به آفت کرم سیب در تیمارهای فورالون، دیازینون و کائولین 5 درصد، به ترتیب، 14، 16 و 16.4 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد (44.6 درصد) بدست ‌آمد. کاربرد کائولین موجب افزایش وزن و قطر میوه و نیز شاخص کلروفیل و مقدار فتوسنتز درخت سیب شد. در تیمارهای کائولین 5 درصد و شاهد، میانگین وزن میوه، به ترتیب، 247 و 146 گرم و میانگین قطر میوه، به ترتیب، 78.6 و 75 میلی‌متر بود. همچنین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل، به ترتیب، 53.8 و 51.5 و میران فتوسنتز، به ترتیب، 5.91 و 4.93 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه مشاهده شد. لذا با توجه به تاثیر بالای کائولین در کاهش خسارت و نیز عدم تاثیر سوء، محلول پاشی درختان سیب با کائولین فرآوری شده (سپیدان® WP)، با غلظت 5 درصد، قبل از اوج تخمریزی آفت، میتواند بطور موفقیت‌آمیزی آفت کرم سیب را کنترل نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Kaolin clay on Codling moth, Cydia pomonella

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Farazmand 1
  • Raoof Kolyaei 2
  • Hashem Kamali 3
  • Mohammad Vali Taghaddosi 4

1 Scientific Board/Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

2 Scientific Board/ IRIPP

3 Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center

4 Scientific Board / Zanjan Center

چکیده [English]

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (Lep.: Tortricidae), is the most important pest of apple orchards, feeding on fruits, resulting to reduce the quantity and quality of product. In order to reduce the use of chemical insecticides, the application of kaolin particle film was tested in the fields of tree regions of Iran (Tehran, Razavi Khorasan, & Zanjan regions). The different concentrations, 3, 4 and 5%, of kaolin clay (Sepidan® WP95%), and diazinon (Diazinon® EC60%) and fozalone (Zolon® EC35%) insecticides were sprayed over the whole canopy, three times from early June to late August. Based on the field studies, kaolin-5% had a similar efficacy to chemical insecticides. The mean of codling moth infestation in fozalone, diazinon and kaolin-5% treatments were 14, 16 and 16.4%, respectively, compared to the control (44.6%). The use of kaolin increased the weight and diameter of the fruits and the chlorophyll index and photosynthesis amount of the apple trees. In the kaolin-5% and control treatments, the mean fruit weight were 247 and 146 g, and the mean fruit diameter were 78.6 and 75 mm, respectively. Also, the chlorophyll index was 53.8 and 51.5, and the photosynthesis rate was 5.91 and 4.93 μmol/m2/s, respectively. Therefore, due to the high effect of kaolin in reducing of pest damage and also no adverse effect on trees, spraying kaolin (Sepidan® WP) at the concentration 5% over the whole canopy, before the peak of moth oviposition, can be used successfully to reduce codling moth on apple.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • codling moth
  • Kaolin
  • Control
  • tree physiology
  • fruit quality
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آفات و بیماری‌ های گیاهی
دوره 90، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 115
اسفند 1401
صفحه 157-169
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