با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات کشت گلخانه ای، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسۀ تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

5 بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

6 موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، بخش تحقیقات سن گندم

چکیده

مدیریت آفات بر پایه بیولوژیک (تیمار) با مدیریت بر پایه شیمیایی مرسوم کشاورز (شاهد)، در فصل کشت زمستانه-بهاره (1401-1400) در دو گلخانه­ 1300 مترمربعی خیار با ساختار فلزی منطقه ورامین، مقایسه شد. آفات با تقویت جمعیت طبیعی مگس شکارگر سنوزیا
(Coenosia attenuata) و رهاسازی عوامل بیولوژیک (سه گونه کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus californicus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii) تولید داخل و بیماری‌های هوازاد و خاکزاد به‌ترتیب با قارچ­کش­‌های شیمیایی و زیستی کنترل شدند. پایش آفات دو گلخانه یک هفته در میان، به‌روش‌های: مشاهده و پرچم زدن گیاهان آلوده، نمونه­برداری تصادفی از 15 بوته و  ثبت تعداد آفات در تله­های کارتی چسبناک انجام شد. درصد آلودگی بوته­ها به تریپس بالا و در هر دو گلخانه تیمار (62 درصد) و شاهد (31 درصد) زیاد بود. آلودگی به سفیدبالک و مگس مینوز دیده شد ولی به‌خوبی توسط مگس شکارگر سنوزیا در هر دو گلخانه کنترل شد. کنه­های شکارگر نیز توسعه جمعیت کنه تارتن را در گلخانه تیمار متوقف کردند. عوامل بیولوژیک تا دمای میانگین روزانه 25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت حداقل 60-50 درصد کنترل قابل قبولی روی آفات داشتند و می‌توانند جایگزین مناسبی برای کنترل شیمیایی مرسوم باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The experience of integrated management of cucumber greenhouse pests based on biological control with indoor produced agents

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahriar Asgari 1
  • Shahram Farrokhi 2
  • Seyed Hassan Malkeshi 3
  • Shahram Naeimi 4
  • Masoud Arbabi 5
  • Shahram Shahrokhi 6

1 Greenhouse Cultivation Research Dept., Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran

2 Biological Control Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

3 Biological Control Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

4 Biological Control Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

5 Zoological Research Dept., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

6 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, sunn pest Research Department

چکیده [English]

In two metal structure cucumber greenhouses (each unit ~1300 m2) in Varamin region, an IPM program based on biological control (treatment) was compared with the conventional pest control method (control) during winter-spring cultivation season (2021-2022). In the treatment greenhouse, pests were controlled by augmenting hunter fly, Coenosia attenuata, population and releasing indoor produced biological control agents of three predatory mite species, Neoseiulus californicus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and Amblyseius swirskii. Moreover, air-borne and soil-borne diseases were managed with chemicals and bio-fungicides, respectively. Pest monitoring of two greenhouses was done every other week by three methods including a) observational survey and flaging the attacked plants, b) random sampling of 15 plants, and c) recording the number of pests on the sticky card traps. Percentage of plants infested with thrips was high in both treatment (62%) and control (31%) greenhouses. Leaf miners and whiteflies infestations were observed, but well controlled by predatory fly, C. attenuata, in both greenhouses. Predatory mites also stopped the development of spider mite population in the treatment greenhouse. Biological agents had an acceptable control on pests at average daily temperature up to 25°C and humidity of at least 50-60% and therefore, they can be a suitable alternative to conventional chemical control.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Healthy product
  • non-chemical
  • pest
  • disease
  • parasitoid
  • predator
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