آفات و بیماری‌ های گیاهی

با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

شیوع بلایت با عامل Diplodia cupressi؛ تهدیدی برای گونه بومی سرو زربین (Cupressus sempervirens)

نوع مقاله : بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی

3 محقق، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

4 دفتر حفاظت و حمایت سازمان منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری کشور

5 محقق مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

6 مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور

چکیده

درخت زربین (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis)، از گونه‌های بازدانه بومی ایران ورویشگاه طبیعی آن ذخیره‌گاه‌ مهم جنگلی شمال کشور است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی عوامل قارچی تأثیرگذار بر خشـکیدگی درختان زربین در ذخیره‌گاه حسن‌آباد (استان مازندران) در تابستان 1402 انجام شد. علائم خشکیدگی در شاخه‌های انتهایی درختان، به‌صورت سوختگی و نکروز سرشاخه و ایجاد شانکر روی تنه درختان سرو زربین مشاهده شد. با کشت قطعات بافت آلوده، جدایه‌هایی از قارچ‌ Diplodia cupressi  حاصل و شناسائی گردید. داده‌های توالی ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 از rDNA با استفاده از آغازگرهای ITS1 و ITS4 و جستجوی nBLAST نشان داد که این توالی با توالی ناحیه مربوطه ITS به‌دست آمده از گونه D. cupressi مطابقت داشت. بیماری‌زائی این قارچ روی نهال‌های گلدانی سرو بررسی و بیماری‌زایی آن به اثبات رسید. به‌نظر می‌رسد، تغییرات آب و هوایی به‌ویژه تنش خشکی در تابستان سبب شیوع وسیع و شدید بیماری در شمال کشور شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Diplodia cupressi Blight; a threat to native species Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani 1
  • Mansoureh Mirabolfathy 2
  • Narges Sepasi 3
  • Yazdanfar Ahangaran 4
  • Reihaneh Gholami Ghavamabad 5
  • Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani 6

1 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

2 Faculty member

3 Researcher, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

4 Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization

5 Researcher, Research Institute of forests and rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

6 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands

چکیده [English]

Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis is one of the indigenous species of Iran, the natural habitats of which are regarded as significant forest reserves within Iran. In the northern of Iran, cypress trees have commonly been observed in both natural and artificially planted forests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fungal factors affecting the common cypress tree die back in Hassanabad (Mazandaran province) during the summer of 2023. Study of the affected trees indicated drying in the terminal branches of the trees, blight and necrosis of the upper branches, as well as canker formation on the trunks of common cypress trees. The infected tissues of common cypress trees were cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. Fungal isolates were obtained. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic characters of the isolates they were identified as Diplodia cupressi in the laboratory. To confirm the morphological identification the rDNA sequence data (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) were obtained using primers ITS1 and ITS4, and nBLAST. The pathogenicity of the fungus was approved on potted cypress seedlings. This study represents the major role of D. cupressi as the causal agent of Common cypress canker in North of Iran. It seems that the climate change and drought conditions provided the favorable environment to outbreak of the disease

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blight
  • Cupressus sempervirens
  • Diplodia cupressi
  • Hyrcanian forest
مراجع
ADAMSON, K., M. LAAS, K. BLUMENSTEIN, J. BUSSKAMP, G.J. LANGER, D. Klavina, et al., 2021. Highly clonal structure and abundance of one haplotype characterise the Diplodia sapinea populations in Europe and Western Asia. Journal of Fungi 7(8): 634. doi: 10.3390/jof7080634.
ALVES, A., A. CORREIA, A.J.L. PHILLIPS, 2006. Multi-gene genealogies and morphological data support Diplodia cupressi sp. nov., previously recognized as pinea f. sp. cupressi, as a distinct species. Fungal Diversity 23: 1-15.  oi.org/10.3390/jof9070742.
AMINI, T., H. EJTEHADI, M. JAMALI, F. GUIBAL, H. ZARE, 2023. Floristic studies and ecology of cypress communities (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Hyrcanian chorion, north of Iran. The Iranian Journal of Botany 29(1): 29-39. (in Persian with English summary). doi: 10.22092/ijb.2023.129427.
BLUMENSTEIN K., J. BUßKAMP, G.J. LANGER, R. SCHLÖßER, N.M. PARRA ROJAS, E. TERHONEN, 2021. Sphaeropsis sapinea and associated endophytes in scots pine: interactions and effect on the host under variable water content. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change volume 4. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.655769.
BORHANI, A., H. BARIMANI, S. Mohammadnejad Kiasari, 2004. Assimilation on cypress (Cupressus semperuirens var. horizentalis) death in the forestation of Behshar area. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi Journal 63: 16-22. (in Persian with English summary).
BRODDE, L., K. ADAMSON, J. JULIO CAMARERO, C. CASTAÑO, R. DRENKHAN, A. LEHTIJARVI, N. LUCHI, D. MIGLIORINI, Á. SANCHEZ-MIRANDA, J. STENLID, Ş. ÖZDAG, J. OLIVA, 2019. Diplodia Tip Blight on Its Way to the North: Drivers of Disease Emergence in Northern Europe. Frontiers in Plant Science 9:1818. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01818.
BUßKAMP, J., 2018. Schadenserhebung, Kartierung und Charakterisierung des” Diplodia-Triebsterbens” der Kiefer, insbesondere des endophytischen Vorkommens inden klimasensiblen Räumen und Identifikation von den in Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris)vorkommenden Endophyten (Kassel: Universität Kassel).
CHOU, C.K.S., M. MACKENZIE, 1988. Effect of pruning intensity and season on Diplodia pinea infection of Pinus radiata stem through pruning wounds. European Journal of Forest Pathology 18: 437–444. doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1988.tb00233.x.
DANTI, R., G. DELLA ROCCA, 2017. Epidemiological History of Cypress Canker Disease in Source and Invasion Sites. Forests 8(4): 121.  doi.org/10.3390/f8040121.
DANTI, R., G. DELLA ROCCA, A. PANCONESI, 2013. Cypress Canker. In Infectious Forest Diseases; GONTHIER, P., G. NICOLOTTI, Eds.; CABI: Wallingford, CT, USA; Oxfordshire, UK; Boston, MA, USA, pp. 359–375.
EPSTEIN, L., K. SUKHWINDER, J.S. VANDER GHEYNST, 2008. Botryosphaeria-related dieback and control investigated in noncoastal California grapevines. California Agriculture 62: 161–166. doi:10.3733/ca.v062n04p161.
FREY, W., W. PROBST, 1986. A synopsis of the vegetation of Iran. In: Contribution to the vegetation of Southwest Asia (Ed. KURSCHNER, H.) 1-43. Dr. Ludwig, Reichert. Verlag, Wiesbaden.
GARDES, M., T.D. BRUNS, 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.  doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x.
HERFEHDOUST, F., T. ROSTAMI SHAHRAJI, M. QHODSKHAH, A. KHODAPARAST., 2009. Investigation on agent conifer damping off in the forest nursery of Lakan. Iranian Quarterly of Forest and Spruce Research 17 (2): 263-271.
HLAIEM, S., M.L. BEN JAMAA, 2023. Biological characteristics of Diplodia sapinea f. sp. cupressi infecting Cupressus sempervirens L. in Tunisia. Plant Pathology and Quarantine 13: 55–62. 10.5943/ppq/13/1/5.  doi:10.5943/ppq/13/1/5.
HOOD, I.A., J.F. GARDNER, R.J. HOOD, B. SMITH, G. PHILLIPS, 2009. Pruning and cypress canker in New Zealand. Australasian Plant Pathology, 38: 472–477. doi:10.1071/AP09029.
INTINI, M., A. PANCONESI, M.L. BEN JAMAA, G. STANOSZ, D. Smith, 2005. First Report of Diplodia Canker of Cypress Caused by Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi on Mediterranean Cypress in Tunisia. Plant Disease 89 (11): 1246. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-1246A.
KAYA, A.G.A., A. LEHTIJARVI, O. KAYA, T. DOGMUS- LEHTIJARVI, 2014. First Report of Diplodia pinea on Pseudotsuga menziesii in Turkey. Plant Disease 98(5): 689. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0765-PDN.
LIANG, D., J. YIRU, ZH. YU, M. CHENGXING, M. TIANLIN, ZH. CHUANQING, 2024. The Comparative Genomics of Botryosphaeriaceae Suggests Gene Families of Botryosphaeria dothidea Related to Pathogenicity on Chinese Hickory Tree. Journal of Fungi 10(4): 299. doi: 10.3390/jof10040299.
MA, L.J., H.C. VAN DER DOES, K.A. BORKOVICH, J.J. COLEMAN, M.J. DABOUSSI, A. DI PIETRO, et al. 2010. Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium. Nature 464: 367–373. doi: 10.1038/nature08850.
MADAR, Z., Z. SOLEL, A. SZTEJNBERG, M. KIMCHI, 1991. Effect of pruning of trunk side-branches of cypress on infection by Seiridium cardinal and Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi. Forest Ecology and Management 44: 255–260. doi: 10.1016/0378-1127(91)90012-K.
MADAR, Z., Z. SOLEL, J. RIOV, A. SZTEJNBERG, 1995. Phytoalexin production by cypress in response to infection by Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi and its relation to water stress. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 47: 29–38. doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1995.1040.
MADAR, Z., Z. SOLEL, M. KIMCHI, 1989. Effect of water stress in cypress on the development of cankers caused by Diplodia pinea f.sp. cupressi and Seiridium cardinale. Plant Disease 73: 484–486.
MADMONY, A., R. TOGNETTI, L. ZAMPONI, P. CAPRETTI, M. MICHELOZZI, 2018. Monoterpene responses to interacting effects of drought stress and infection by the fungus Heterobasidion parviporum in two clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 152: 137-148. doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.03.007.
MILIJAŠEVIĆ, T., 2006. Effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea. Glasnik Šumarskog Fakulteta 94: 211-222. doi:10.2298/GSF0694211M.
MILLNER, J., Y. MURTI, 2006. Pruning of Cupressus lusitanica. New Zealand Tree Grower 27(1): 34.
NILOUFARI, P. 1984. Fungi flora of Iranian forests. Jahad Daneshgahi Publication, (in Persian). 142 p.
PALMER, M.A., E.L. STEWART, M.J. WINGFIELD, 1987. Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the north central United States. Phytopathology 77: 944–948. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-77-944.
PHILLIPS, A.J.L., A. ALVES, J. ABDOLLAHZADEH, B. SLIPPERS, M.J. WINGFIELD, J.Z. GROENWALD, P.W. CROUS, 2013. The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76: 51–167. doi.org/10.3114/sim0021.
PROSPERO, S., L. BOTELLA, A. Santini, C. Robin, 2021. Biological control of emerging forest diseases: How can we move from dreams to reality? Forest Ecology and Management 119377. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119377.
SELF, N.M. 2000. Cypress canker. New Zealand Tree Grower 21(2): 31–32.
SELF, N.M., C.K.S. CHOU, 1994. Pruning effect on incidence and severity of Seiridium cypress canker in a stand of Cupressus lusitanica. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 24: 75–77.
SLIPPERS, B., M.J. WINGFIELD, 2007. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants. Diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 90-106. doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2007.06.002.
SOLEL, Z., Z. MADAR, M. KIMCHI, Y. GOLAN, 1987. Diplodia canker of cypress. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 9(2): 115–118. doi.org/10.1080/07060668709501890
SWART, W.J., M.J. WINGFIELD, 1991. Biology and control of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Pinus species in South Africa. Plant Disease 75: 761-766. doi: 10.1094/PD-75-0761.
SWART, W.J., M.J. WINGFIELD, P.S. KNOX-DAVIES, 1987. Conidial dispersal of Sphaeropsis sapinea in three climatic regions of South Africa. Plant Disease 71: 1038–1040. doi: 10.1094/PD-71-1038.
SWART, W.J.; W.S. GRANT, 1993. Comparison of Sphaeropsis sapinea and Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi. Mycological Research 97(10): 1253–1260. doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81294-X.
SZCZEPANIEC, A. D. FINKE, 2019. Plant-vector-pathogen interactions in the context of drought stress. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00262.
TERHONEN, E., J. BABALOLA, R. KASANEN, R. JALKANEN, K. BLUMENSTEIN, 2021. Sphaeropsis sapinea found as symptomless endophyte in Finland. Silva Fennica 55: 13. doi: 10.14214/sf.10420.
VOSE, J.M., C.F. MINIAT, C.H. LUCE, et al., 2016. Ecohydrological implications of drought for forests in the United States. Forest Ecology and Management 380: 335–345. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.025.
ZARE, H., 2001. Introduced and Native Conifers in Iran. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands Press, Tehran. 498 P.
آفات و بیماری‌ های گیاهی
دوره 92، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 118
شهریور 1403
صفحه 137-149
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار