ببهینه سازی بستر کشت صنعتی برای تولید انبوه عامل مهارگرزیستیK18 Trichoderma harzianum و فرمولاسیون آن برای مهار سفیدک سطحی خیار در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 محقق بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی گلستان، سـازمان تحقیقـات، آمـوزش و تـرویج کشـاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

10.22092/jaep.2025.367975.1539

چکیده

استفاده از پسماندهای کشاورزی گزینه مناسبی برای تولید بستر زیست توده و حامل­های ارزان قیمت فرمولاسیون­ های دربردارنده Trichoderma به ­عنوان یک عامل کنترل زیستی می­باشد. به­منظور تولید بیومس جدایه قارچی K18  T. harzianum از منابع مختلف کربن و نیتروژن شامل سبوس گندم، سبوس جو، سبوس برنج، پیت خام نیشکر، پیت خام نیشکر غنی شده با ملاس نیشکر، عصاره مخمر، عصاره سویا و اوره، استفاده شد. پس از 21 روز نگهداری در انکوباتور در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس از بین 15 بستر حاصل از ترکیب منابع کربن و نیتروژن مختلف،  بیشترین جمعیت سلول زنده با 107×9/8 کنیدیوم در هرگرم، در بستر حاوی سبوس گندم و عصاره مخمر مشاهده شد. برای تهیه فرمولاسیون قارچK18  T. harzianum مواد کمکی (شامل گلیسرول و کربوکسی متیل سلولز) به دو حامل کائولین و پرلیت اضافه شدند. در پایان شش ماه نگهداری در دمای 4 و 24 درجه سلسیوس فرمولاسیون­های بر پایه کائولین به ترتیب با51/6 و 07/6 لگاریتم سلول زنده قارچ در هر گرم فرمولاسیون بالاترین میزان ماندگاری را داشتند. پایدارترین فرمولاسیون با زادمایه T. harzianum K18 به ­منظور ارزیابی توانایی کنترل سفیدک پودری خیار در شرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. 24 ساعت بعد از محلول­­ پاشی با فرمولاسیون، گیاهان با بیمارگر مایه ­زنی شدند و شدت بیماری در روزهای 5، 10 و 20 روز پس از مایه­زنی، ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بعد از 20 روز، فرمولاسیون جدایه T. harzianum K18 موجب کاهش شدت بیماری به میزان 42/45 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد شد. در پایان به نظر می­رسد که فرمولاسیون جدایه قارچی T. harzianum K18، می‌تواند به عنوان روشی مؤثر برای مهار زیستی سفیدک سطحی خیار استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

OOptimizations of industrial culture medium for mass production of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum K18 and its formulation for controlling of cucumber powdery mildew in greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • lachin mokhtarnejad 1
  • Samira Shameli 2
1 1- Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 2- Researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, Golestan Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Using agro-wastes is a good alternative for developing low-cost carriers for formulation of Trichoderma-based bio-products. Different carbon and nitrogen sources (rice bran, wheat bran, barley bran, Pith, Sugarcane pith, yeast extract, soybean extract, and urea) used for biomass production of T. harzianum K18 isolate. Out of 15 different substrates tested, the substrate containing wheat bran and yeast extract was the best substrate for T. harzianum k18 produced a high density of propagules (8.9 × 107 cfu/g) after 21 days. For the T. harzianum K18 formulation, some adjuvants (including glycerol and carboxymethyl cellulose) added to carriers (kaolin and perlite). At the end of six months of storage period, the kaolin-based formulation with 6.51 and 6.07 log/cfu propagules per gram showed the highest viability of T. harzianum k18 in formulations at 4˚ C and 24˚ C, respectively. The best formulations based on T. harzianum K18 viability at formulations selected for greenhouse studies. 24 hours later than plants spraying with the formulations, the plants incubated with the pathogen spores and after five, 10 and 20 days of incubation, the severity of the disease evaluated. The disease severity at treatment with T. harzianum k18 formulation was 45.42 %, less than the control. Finally, it seems there is a possibility of biological control of cucumber powdery mildew using the microbial formulations of T. harzianum K18.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • fermentation
  • optimization
  • powdery mildew

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