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دشمنان طبیعی شپشک آردآلود Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) آفت مهم درختان توت در تبریز

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی،‌ مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

شپشک آردآلود توت، Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)، یکی از آفات پلی‌فاژ در دنیا و ایران است که در بررسی‌های اخیر آلودگی درختان توت به این آفت در شهرستان تبریز نیز مشاهده گردید. جمعیت این آفت توسط دشمنان طبیعی متعددی مورد حمله قرار می‌گیرد. در بررسی دشمنان طبیعی این شپشک طی سال‎‏های 1391- 1392 در مجموع 9 گونه زنبور پارازیتویید، هیپرپارازیتویید و شکارگر مرتبط با آن جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شد که نتایج آن به شرح زیر است: Marietta picta André از خانواده Aphelinidae،Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer ، Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault و Echthroplexiella flava Mercet از خانوادهEncyrtidae ، Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) از خانوادهPteromalidae ، Chartocerus kurdjumovi Nikol'skaya از خانوادهSigniphoridae ، Diadiplosis sp. از خانواده Cecidomyiidae،Leucopis sp.  از خانوادهChamaemyiidae  و Chilocorus bipustulatus L. از خانواده Coccinellidae. از بین آن‌ها گونه Echthroplexiella flava برای نخستین بار از ایران گزارش می‌شود و بر اساس منابع موجود، گونه‌هایC. kurdjumovi، M. pictaو P. muscarumهیپرپارازیتویید می‌باشند. تغییرات جمعیتی و فراوانی نسبی این دشمنان طبیعی در شهرستان تبریز در سال 1392 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گونه Anagyrus novickyi برای نخستین بار روی شپشک آردآلود P. comestocki پرورش داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. JAFARI 1
  • H. LOTFALIZADEH 2
  • Y. KARIMPOUR 1
  • B. GHARALI 3

چکیده [English]

The Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), is a polyphagous pest distributed in the world, as well as Iran. Several species of mulberries, Morus spp, are infested with P. comstocki in Tabriz, East-Azarbaijan province. In the present study, natural enemies of P. comstocki are studied during 2012-2013. As a result, nine insect species of predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with the pest were collected and identified as follows: Aphelinidae: Marietta pictaAndré; Encyrtidae: Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer, Coccidoxenoidesperminutus Girault, Echthroplexiella flava Mercet; Pteromalidae: Pachyneuron muscarum (L.); Signiphoridae: Chartocerus kurdjumovi Nikol'skaya; Cecidomyiidae: Diadiplosis sp.; Chamaemyiidae: Leucopis sp.; Coccinellidae: Chilocorus bipustulatus L. Within this assemblage, Echthroplexiella flava is new record for Iranian insect fauna. Based on available literature, C. kurdjumovi, M. picta and P. muscarum are hyperparasitoids of the mealybug. The population fluctuation and relative abundance of this association in Tabriz were studied in 2013 and the Anagyrus novickyi was successfully reared for the first time on P. comstocki.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hyperparasitoids
  • Iran
  • Mealybug
  • Pseudococcidae
  • Predators
  • parasitoids
  • Tabriz
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