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بررسی اثرات حشره‌کش‌های بوپروفزین، پیری پروکسی‌فن و فن‌پروپاترین روی برخی از رفتارهای کاوشگری زنبور پارازیتوئید Encarsia formosa

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران

2 گروه حشره‌شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

سفید بالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) در اکثر مناطق دارای اهمیت اقتصادی بوده و دشمنان طبیعی مختلفی روی آن فعالیت می‌کنند که در این میان نقش زنبور Encarsia formosa (Hym.: Aphelinidae) انکارناپذیر است. سموم شیمیایی دارای اثرات متفاوتی روی جنبه‌های مختلف زیست‌شناسی دشمنان طبیعی می‌باشند. در این تحقیق اثرات حشره‌کش‌های بوپروفزین، پیری‌پروکسی‌فن و فن‌پروپاترین روی ترجیح بین میزبان‌های آلوده به سم و غیرآلوده و هم­چنین واکنش تابعی زنبور
E. formosa مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته ‌است. تیمار زنبورها از طریق در معرض قرار دادن پارازیتوئید با نهشت آفت‌کش روی برگ صورت گرفت. آزمایشات درشرایط دمائی1 ± 26 درجه سانتی‌گراد، رطوبت نسبی 5 ±60 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنائی و 8 ساعت تاریکی انجام شد. براساس نتایج به­دست آمده مشخص گردید میانگین تعداد لاروهای سن سوم پارازیته شده سفید بالک گلخانه توسط زنبور در تیمارهای بوپروفزین و پیری پروکسی­فن با شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت، ‌در حالی­که نرخ پارازیتیسم شاهد به­طور معنی­داری از فن‌پروپاترین بیشتر بود. واکنش تابعی در شاهد، بوپروفزین و پیری‌پروکسی‌فن از نوع 2 و در تیمار فن‌پروپاترین از نوع 3 بود که نشان داد کاربرد سم فن‌پروپاترین روی میزبان باعث تبدیل واکنش تابعی از نوع 2 به 3 شده است. مقادیر قدرت جستجو در واحد زمان در تیمار شاهد و تیمارهای بوپروفزین، پیری پروکسی­فن و فن­پروپاترین به­ترتیب 0/0143، 0/0108، 0/0132 و 0/0095 بود. براساس نتایج به­دست آمده مشخص گردید که استفاده از سموم بوپروفزین و پیری پروکسی­فن در برنامه‌های کنترل تلفیقی سفید بالک گلخانه اثرات سوء کمتری روی شکارگری و کارایی زنبور E. formosa خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin on some foraging behaviors of Encarsia formosa

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. HEIDARI 1
  • H. KISHANI FARAHANI 1
  • Y. FATHIPOUR 2

چکیده [English]

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hom.: Aleyrodidae), causes economic damages in most of agricultural areas, which several natural enemies are restricting its damage. Among its natural enemies, Encarsia formosa (Hym: Aphelinidae) role in its population control is undeniable. Chemical pesticides can affect several various aspects of natural enemies’ biology. In the current research effects of three insecticides, Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrin on host preference and functional response of E. formosa was studied. Wasps were exposed to insecticides by using leaf disc method. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions, 26 ± 1 ºC, 60 ± 5 RH and 16:8 (: D). According to obtained results parasitized hosts, third instar, were not significantly different in control and Buprofezin treated wasps (P > 0.05) and also between control and Pyriproxyfen treated wasps (P > 0.05). However control wasps significantly parasitized more hosts than Fenpropathrin treated wasps (P < 0.05). Results of logistic regression revealed that the control, buprofezin and Pyriproxyfen- treated E. formosa was a function of host density and followed a type II functional response while E. formosa treated by Fenpropathrin showed a type III functional response. Estimated attack rates of control, Buprofezin, Pyriproxyfen and Fenpropathrintreated wasps was 0.043, 0.0108, 0.0132 and 0.0095 respectively. As our results showed Buprofezin or Pyriproxyfen application in integrated control programs of T. vaporariorum will result less side effects on parasitism and efficiency of E.formosa.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Encarsia formosa
  • Functional response
  • host preference
  • Insecticides
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