با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس، آزمایشگاه کنترل بیولوژیک آمل، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

2 عضو هیأت علمی بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سوروف، مهم‏ترین علف هرز شالیزاری شمال کشور محسوب می‎شود. به منظور شناسایی عوامل قارچی ایجاد کننده لکه برگی در این علف هرز، نمونه‏برداری از بوته‏های بیمار، در مزارع برنج مازندران انجام شد. قطعات کوچکی از برگ‏های دارای علائم بیماری از حد فاصل بافت سالم و آلوده تهیه شد. نمونه‏ها پس از ضدعفونی سطحی با هیپوکلریت سدیم، با آب مقطر سترون شستشو شدند و در ظروف پتری حاوی محیط کشت آب آگار 2% و یا سیب زمینی دکستروز آگار + سولفات استرپتومایسین کشت گردیدند. سپس، ظروف مذکور در انکوباتور با دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شدند. پرگنه‏های رشد یافته در اطراف قطعات با روش تک اسپور یا نوک هیف خالص سازی شدند. برای اثبات بیماری‏زایی قارچ‏ها، از دو روش مایه‏زنی روی برگ‏های بریده در تشتک پتری و پاشش سوسپانسیون کنیدی‏های قارچ روی بوته‏ها در گلخانه استفاده شد. برای شناسایی مورفولوژیکی جدایه‏های بیمارگر از کلیدهای شناسایی معتبر استفاده شد. همچنین، برای شناسایی مولکولی، دی.اِن.اِی ژنومی قارچ‏ها جداسازی گردید و ناحیه ITS آن‏ها تکثیر شد. پس از توالی‏یابی این ناحیه نسبت به اخذ رَس‏شمار و ارزیابی همولوژی آن با توالی‏های موجود در بانک ژن به کمک ابزار جستجوی BLAST اقدام گردید. در مجموع، با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی، گونه‏های بیماری‏زای شناسایی شده ایجاد کننده لکه برگی عبارت بودند از Alternaria alternata،Bipolaris oryzae ، Bipolaris sorokiniana، Curvularia lunata و Rhizoctonia solani.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of the fungal pathogens causing leaf spot on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice paddy fields of Mazandaran

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. BAGHERI 1
  • S. NAEIMI 2

چکیده [English]

Barnyardgrass is the most important weed in paddy fields of northern Iran. In order to identify the fungal pathogens causing leaf spot on this dominant weed, symptomatic plants were collected from rice fields in different areas of Mazandaran province. Leaf pieces of ca 0.5×0.5 cm from the margins of diseased spots were surface sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and washed with sterile distilled water. The pieces were placed on water agar 2% or PDA supplemented with streptomycin sulfate. All Petri dishes were incubated at 25°C in darkness. The grown fungal colonies were isolated and purified using single spore or hyphal tip methods. To determine their pathogenicity, detached-leaf assay and spraying spore suspension on whole plants in greenhouse were used. The fungal isolates which caused symptoms, considered for further studies. Morphological identification of pathogenic isolates was performed using standard keys and monographs. In addition, genomic DNA was extracted and a nuclear rDNA region was amplified. The resulting sequences were submitted to a BLAST search to find most similar sequences in NCBI GenBank. Overall, based on morphological and molecular data, the identified fungal pathogens were Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris oryzae, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rice
  • barnyardgrass
  • disease
  • Iran
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