با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات کشاورزی، آگرونوتریشن، کربن، فرانسه

2 بخش حشره شناسی گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کلسیم یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه گوجه فرنگی است که کمبود آن منجر به حساسیت این گیاه به تنش‌های محیطی و عوامل زنده می‌شود. کرم غوزه پنبه به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات میوه گوجه فرنگی هر ساله باعث کاهش تولید و صرف هزینه‌های بالا برای کنترل خسارت آن می‌شود. تحقیق حاضر به مطالعه رابطه کمبود کلسیم در میوه‌های گوجه‌فرنگی و میزان آلودگی میوه‌ها به کرم غوزه پنبه در دو منطقه آبگرم و قلعه شهدای استان قزوین در طول فصل زراعی 1394 پرداخته است. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده رابطه مستقیمی بین کمبود کلسیم و میزان ابتلا به کرم غوزه پنبه وجود داشت. همچنین با افزایش اندازه و وزن میوه‌ها میزان آلودگی به آفت کاهش ‌یافته، درحالیکه میزان کمبود کلسیم در میوه‌ها نیز افزایش می‌یابد. بیشترین میزان آلودگی در مراحل تشکیل میوه و بیشترین میزان کمبود کلسیم در مرحله رنگ‌گیری میوه‌ها مشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده به نظر می‌رسد که کمبود کلسیم نقش مهمی در میزان خسارت کرم غوزه پنبه روی گوجه فرنگی داشته باشد. از سوی دیگر تغذیه گیاهان با میزان کافی و در زمان مناسب می‌تواند باعث کاهش میزان آلودگی در گیاهان گوجه فرنگی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between physiological disease, blossom end rot and infestation to cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the tomato fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. KISHANI FARAHNI 1
  • Z. BIGHAM 2
  • F. ATTIA 1

چکیده [English]

Calcium is an important nutrient element for tomato plant, which its deficiency leads to sensitivity to environmental and biotic stress. Helicoverpa armigera is a major agricultural pest, which causes severe yield lose and increases the cost of pest control annually. The current research carried out to  study relationship between calcium deficiency of tomato fruits and the infection rate offruits to H. arimigera in two regions of Qazvin province, Abgram and QleShohad area during 2015 cropping season. According to the obtained results, a positive relationship between calcium deficiency and infection rate of fruits has discovered. Calcium deficient fruits were more susceptible to
H. arimigera. Also it was found that by increasing fruit size and weight, infection rate to H. arimigera has been decreased, whereas deficiency of calcium in the fruits has been increased. The Highest infection rate was observed during fruit setting, while the highest deficiency rate observed during coloring of fruits. According to the results, it seems that calcium deficiency has an important role in tomato fruit worm damage level. On the other hand, managing plants nutrition with appropriate nutritional requirements at the right time can reduce infestation rate to tomato fruit worm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fruit coloring
  • fruit setting
  • tomato
  • tomato fruit worm
ALMEIDA, G. D., D. PRATISSOLI, J. C. ZANUNCIO, V. B. VICENTINI, A. M. HOLTZ and J. C. SERRAO, 2008. Calcium silicate and organic mineral fertilizer applications reduce phytophagy by Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on eggplants (Solanum melongena L.). Interciencia, No. 33: 835–838.
ALTIERI, M. A. and C. I. NICHOLLS, 2003. Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research, No. 72: 203–211.
BAKER, D. B. and P. M. RAY, 1965. Direct and indirect effects of auxin on cell wall synthesis in oat coleoptile tissue. Plant Physiology, No. 40: 345–352.
DATNOFF, L. E., W. H. ELMER and D. M. HUBER, 2007. Mineral nutrition and plant disease. American Phytopathological Society Press.
FATHIPOUR, Y. and A. SEDARATIAN, 2013. Integrated management of Helicoverpa armigera in soybean cropping systems. INTECH Open Access Publisher.
HAQUE, M. M. 1995. Insect pest of tomato in: Curriculum Outline and Training Support Materials, Training Manual: Winter Vegetables and Spices Production. Horticulture Research and Development Project, DAE, BADC, Dhaka, pp: 180-181.
HARADA, H., H. TAKAHASHI, T. MATSUZAKI and M. HAGIMORI, 1996. Calcium chloride as a major component contributing to aphid resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana. Journal of Chemical Ecology, No. 22 (9): 1579-1589.
HEPLER, P. K. 2005. Calcium: A Central Regulator of Plant Growth and Development. The Plant Cell, No. 17: 2142–2155.
HERMS, D. A. 2002. Effects of Fertilization on Insect Resistance of Woody Ornamental Plants: Reassessing an Entrenched Paradigm. Environmental Entomology, No. 31(6): 923-933.
HETHERINGTON, A. M. and C. BROWNLEE, 2004. The generation of Ca21 signals in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, No. 55: 401–427.
HIRSCHI, K. D. 2004. The calcium conundrum. Both versatile nutrient and specific signal. Plant Physiology, No. 136: 2438–2442.
KARIM, M. A. 1994. Insect pest management of vegetable crops. Proceeding of a symposium on resent advances in vegetable development of Bangladesh, 24-25, April, pp: 198-199.
KASYAP, R. K. and B. R. BATARA, 1987. Influence of some crop management practices on the incidence of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in India. Tropical Pest Management,No. 33:166-169.
KRAUSS, A. 1999. Balanced nutrition and biotic stress. IFA Agricultural Conference on Managing Plant Nutrition, pp: 21-24.
MARSCHNER, H. 1999. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Second edition. Academic Press.
MINH CHAU, M., H. DUC CAT, P. THI BEN, L. THI PHUONG, J. CHENG and K. L. HEONG, 2003. Impacts of nutrition management on insect pests and diseases of rice. Omonrice, No. 11: 93-102.
PESTI, G. M., D. VEDENOV, J. A. CASON and L. BILLARD, 2009. A comparison of methods to estimate nutritional requirements from experimental data. British Poultry Science, No. 50(1): 16-32.
PONTIUS, J. A., R. A. HALLETT and J. C. JENKINS, 2006. Foliar chemistry linked to infestation and susceptibility to hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae). Environmental Entomology, No. 35(1): 112-120.
RAFIEE–DASTJERDI, H., M. J. HEJAZI, G. NOURI-GANBALANI and M. SABER, 2008. Toxicity of some biorational and conventional insecticides to cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, No. 28: 27-37.
REDDY, V. S. and A. S. N. REDDY, 2004. Proteomics
of calcium - signaling components in plants. Phytochemistry, No. 65: 1745–1776.
RENGEL, Z. 1992. The role of calcium in salt toxicity. Plant Cell Environment, No. 15: 625–632.
SHAW, M.C., WILSON, M.C. and RHYKERD, C. L. 1986. Influence of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., by the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Crop Protection, No. 5: 245-249
SINGH, H. and G. SINGH, 1977. Heliothis armigera Hubner in Punjab. Indian Journal management of tomato fruit borer with insecticides, neem products and virus. Madras Agricultural Pawar and Journal, 84(2): 82-84
SLANSKY, F., 1990. Insect nutritional ecology as a basis for studying host plant resistance. Florida Entomologist 73, 354–378.
SUDBRINK, J. D. L. and J. F. GRANT, 1995. Wild host plants of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology, No. 24: 1080-1085.
SYROVY, L. and R. PRASAD, 2010. Brix manipulation for reducing pest pressure: Literature Review, E. S. Cropconsult Ltd.
SZE, H., F. LIANG, I. WANG, A. C. CURRAN and J. F. HARPER, 2000. Diversity and regulation of plant Ca21 pumps: Insights from expression in yeast. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular biology, No. 51: 433–462.
TEWARI, G. C. 1984. Field efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids against Heliothis armigera (Hubner) infesting tomato. Singapore Journal of Primary characters Industries, No. 13(1): 51-56.
WHITE, P. J. and M. R. BROADLEY, 2003. Calcium in plants. Annals of Botany, No. 92: 487–511.