با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی؛ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد؛

2 دانش‌اموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی؛ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد؛

چکیده

پوسیدگی فوزاریومی ریشه لوبیا، ناشی از (Fsp) Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli، یکی از بیماری‌های مهم لوبیا در ایران است. در این بررسی مقاومت 13 رقم تجاری و ژنوتیپ در سه نوع لوبیا سفید، چیتی و قرمز نسبت به Fsp در شرایط گلخانه ارزیابی شد. پژوهش در شرایط بدون تنش کم‌آبی و اعمال تنش کم‌آبی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. واکنش ارقام و ژنوتیپ ها بر اساس اندازه‌گیری شدت بیماری (نکروز روی ریشه) و برخی شاخص‌های رشدیگیاه ارزیابی شد. نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنی‌دار در اجزاء عملکرد ارقام و ژنوتیپ های مختلف لوبیا و تأثیر Fsp بر شاخص‌های مورد بررسی بود. ارقام مورد آزمایش از نظر واکنش به Fsp در شرایط بدون تنش کم‌آبی به سه گروه زیر از نظر شدت بیماری و اجزاء عملکرد تقسیم شدند: 1- آلودگی خفیف: ارقام صدری، ژنوتیپ جونقان، صیاد و کوشا، 2- آلودگی متوسط: ارقام تلاش، درسا، غفار، ژنوتیپ لردگان، D81083 و اختر، 3- آلودگی شدید: ارقام پاک، شکوفا و دانشکده. بیشترین حساسیت در ارقام مربوط به لوبیا سفید و کمترین حساسیت مربوط به ارقام لوبیا قرمز بود. لوبیا چیتی در حد وسط قرار داشت. در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی به‌جز ارقام صیاد و صدری که آلودگی متوسط نشان دادند در سایر ارقام آلودگی شدید تا مرگ بوته مشاهده شد. این نتایج حاکی از اثر تشدیدکنندگی و پیش آمودگی تنش کم‌آبی در بیماری‌زایی Fsp روی لوبیا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reaction of some common bean cultivars and genotypes to Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli with and without drought stress under greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. AMANIFAR 1
  • M. GHADIRIAN 2
  • F. SALEHI 3

چکیده [English]

Fusarium root rot of common bean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Fsp), is a major disease of this crop in Iran. In this study 13 commercial cultivars and genotypes in 3 types of common bean were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot under greenhouse conditions. The investigation was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications under conditions with and without drought stress. The reaction of cultivars and genotypes were evaluated based on measuring disease severity (root necrosis) and some growth parameters. Results showed a significant difference in yield components of different cultivars and the impact of Fsp on evaluated parameters. Cultivars in response to Fsp without drought stress were divided into three groups: 1. Weak infection: Sadri, Joneghan, Kosha, Sayad, 2. Moderate infection: Talash, Akhtar, D81083, Ghafar, Lordegan, Dorsa and 3. Severe infection: Pak, Shekofa, Daneshkadeh. Generally, the most, moderate and least sensitive varieties were belonged to white bean, pinto (Chiti) bean and red kidney bean cultivars, respectively. Under drought stress conditions except for Sadri and Sayad which showed moderate of disease severity, other cultivars showed severe infection resulting in plant death. These results indicated that drought stress is a predisposing factor in pathogenicity of Fsp on common bean.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common bean
  • Drought Stress
  • predisposing
  • root rot
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