آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

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غربالگری ژرم پلاسم‌های نخود برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم به بیماری برق‌زدگی

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گیاه نخود سومین لگوم مهم جهان بعد از لوبیا و نخود فرنگی است. تنش‌های زیستی و غیر زیستی متعددی باعث کاهش عملکرد این محصول می شوند که در میان آنها، بیماری برق زدگی نخود یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده تولید نخود در بیشتر مناطق دنیا است. توسعه و کاربرد ارقام مقاوم مؤثرترین و اقتصادی‌ترین راهبرد مدیریت این بیماری است. به منظورگزینش ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم نخود، واکنش 200 ژنوتیپ منتخب بانک ژن گیاهی طی دو فصل زراعی 1392-1391 و 1393-1392 در شرایط مزرعه در استان لرستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ژنوتیپ‌ها پس از ظهور گیاهچه با پخش یکنواخت بقایای گیاهی نخود آلوده مایه زنی شدند. خسارت بیماری با مقیاس 9-1 و پس از مرگ شاهد حساس(بیوه نیج) ارزیابی گردید. بیشترین مقدار بیماری جهت طبقه بندی میزان مقاومت هر ژنوتیپ در نظر گرفته شد. همچنین واکنش ژنوتیپ های منتخب در شرایط اتاقک رشد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که فراوانی ژنوتیپ های خیلی مقاوم و مقاوم، پایین بود. براساس ارزیابی های مزرعه ای و اتاقک رشد تعداد 11 ژنوتیپ مقاومت نسبی نشان دادند که می توان از آنها به عنوان منابع مقاومت در برنامه‌های اصلاح نباتات نخود استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Screening of Chickpea germ plasms for selection of resistant genotypes to Ascochyta blight

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. H. VAFAEI 1
  • S. REZAEE 2
  • A. ABBASI MOGHADAM 3
  • H. R. ZAMANIZADEH 4

1 Department of Plant Pathology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

2 Department of Plant Pathology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran.

4 Department of Plant Pathology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Chickpea is the third most important food legume of the world after common bean and pea. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Didymella rabiei is one of the most important limiting factors in chickpea production. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economical strategy for management of Ascochyta blight. Two hundred chickpea genotypes were screened to identify resistant sources against D. rabiei in Lorestan province during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons in field conditions. Plants were inoculated by applying uniformly scattered infected chickpea debris after seedling emergence. The disease severity was scored on a scale of one to nine. The highest recorded reaction was used to categorize resistance of the genotypes. Also the reaction of chickpea genotypes was evaluated under growth chamber conditions. The results showed that none of the genotypes was highly resistant and the frequency of resistant genotypes was low. On the basis of field and growth chamber evaluations, 11 genotypes were moderately resistant and can be employed as resistant sources in chickpea breeding programs to develope resistant cultivars to Ascochyta blight.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ascochyta blight
  • Chickpea
  • Didymella rabiei
  • Gene bank
  • resistance
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 85، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 104
در این جلد دو مقاله انگلیسی نیز به چاپ رسیده است (18صفحه)
شهریور 1396
صفحه 97-110
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