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بررسی تأثیر تغذیه ‏ای درختان سیب بر شدت بیماری شانکر سیتوسپورایی (Cytospora cincta) در باغ‏ های سمیرم

نوع مقاله : بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی ومرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

2 مربی پژوهش بخش‏ تحقیقات خاک ‏و‏ آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

بررسی‏های مقدماتی در خصوص وضعیت تغذیه‏ای 29 باغ سیب تجاری گلدن دلیشز آلوده به شانکر سیتوسپورایی نشان ‏داد که غالب باغ‏های آلوده کمبود عناصر معدنی پتاسیم و کلسیم و بیش‌‏بود نیتروژن دارند. در این ‏راستا، آزمایش باغی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 18 تیمار (نیتروژن و پتاسیم هر کدام در 3 سطح و کلسیم در 2 سطح) و 3 تکرار روی رقم گلدن دلیشز 27 ساله در شهرستان سمیرم به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر متعادل عناصر معدنی نیتروژن، پتاسیم و کلسیم در پیش‏گیری از بروز و توسعه شانکر سیتوسپورایی ناشی از قارچ Fries Cytospora cincta در سال‏های 94-1393 انجام شد. نتایج نشان ‏دادند که، شاخص انحراف از درصد بهینه عناصر معدنی نیتروژن، پتاسیم و کلسیم گزینه‏ای مناسب برای پیش‏بینی بروز و توسعه شانکر سیتوسپورایی درختان سیب است. کمبود یا بیش‏بود هر کدام از عناصر غذایی مورد ارزیابی باعث عدم تعادل در غلظت دیگری شده و شدت بیماری را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. بیش‏ترین درصد سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) در تیمارهایی دیده شد که مقدار نیتروژن مصرفی در آن‏ها کم‏تر یا بیش‏تر از مقدار بهینه بود. استفاده توأم از نیتروژن و پتاسیم باعث‏ گردید پتاسیم تأثیر مستعد کنندگی نیتروژن به شانکر سیتوسپورایی را کاهش دهد. تأثیر کلسیم در کاهش بیماری نسبت به نیتروژن و پتاسیم کم‏تر بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان‏ داد که استفاده متعادل عناصر غذایی نیتروژن و پتاسیم در خاک‏ و محلول‏پاشی کلسیم درختان سیب در منطقه سمیرم، بر اساس میزان توصیه شده، بیماری شانکر سیتوسپورایی را تا 83/79% کاهش می‏دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutritional effects of apple trees on Cytospora canker severity (Cytospora cincta) in Semirom orchards

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. HEIDARIAN 1
  • M. TADAYON NEJAD 2

1 MSc. Plant Protection Research Department; Esfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Esfahan, Iran

2 MSc. Soil and water Research Department; Esfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Esfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Preliminary studies on nutritional status of 29 commercial Golden Delicious orchards infected to Cytospora canker disease, showed defficiecy of potassium and calcium and excess of nitrogen in most of infected orchard. In this regard, an orchard’s trials was conducted to determine the effects of balanced potassium, nitrogen and calcium elements on prevention of incidence and development of Cytospora canker disease of 27 years apple Golden Delicious cultivar during 2014-15 in the commercial orchard at Semirom, Iran. Eighteen treatments (nitrogen and potassium at 3 levels and calcium at 2 levels) were designed in a factorial complete randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that deviation from optimum percentage index of nitrogen, potassium and calcium is proper option for predicting the occurrence and development of Cytospora canker disease of apple trees. Deficiency or excess of any nutrient caused imbalances in other elements and influenced the severity of the disease extensivily. The highest percentage area under disease progress curve occurred in most of the treatments, that nitrogen rate was less or more than the optimal amount. Combined application of nitrogen and potassium in most of the treatments significantly reduced the predisposing effects of high nitrogen application. The impact of calcium on reducing disease was lower than nitrogen and potassium. This results of this study showed that, balance utility of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium in soils of Semirom area orchards and spraying of calcium based on recommended manual reduced Cytospora canker disease at 83.79 percent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apple
  • Cytospora
  • canker
  • nutritional elements
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 86، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 106
شهریور 1397
صفحه 13-28
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هم رسانی
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