آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

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نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران، ایران

2 گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلام واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران- ایران

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، ایران

4 گروه علوم و فنون گیاه شناسی، بخش. بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه کاتانیا کاتانیا ایتالیا

5 گروه قارچ شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، ایران

چکیده

 استفاده از فراورده‎های طبیعی گیاهی به‌عنوان روش جایگزین مناسب‎تر برای کنترل بیماری های بعد از برداشت شناسایی شده است. در این تحقیق درصد ممانعت رشدی و خاصیت آنتاگونیستی اسانس چهار گیاه دارویی آویشن، آلوورا، سیر و زیره سبز (100، 200، 300 و 400 پی پی ام) در شرایط آزمایشگاه و محیط زنده علیه Penicillium digitatum آزمایش شد. اسانس‌های گیاهی به‌روش تقطیر با کلونجر به‌دست آمد. حداقل غلظت ممانعت رشدی(MIC)  با استفاده از روش رقیق‌سازی در آگار مشخص شد. بیشترین درصد ممانعت از رشد (95/99 درصد) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی توسط آویشن مشاهده شد و بهترین MIC را بر علیه P. digitatum داشت. آنالیز GC-MS آویشن منجر به شناسایی 22 ترکیب متفاوت گردید. بیشترین درصد ترکیب مربوط به تیمول 18/60 درصد، ،γ-Terpinene 6/39 درصد،P-Cymene  44/15 درصد و کارواکرول 88/2 درصد بود. کاربرد اسانس آویشن روی زخم‎های آلوده به پاتوژن سبب تحریک پرتقال برای افزایش ترکیبات فنلی و آنزیم‎های پرکسیداز و کاتالاز شد. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of plant essential oils on citrus green mold

نویسندگان [English]

  • hadian shervin 1
  • nader hasanzadeh 2
  • mohamad ali aghajani 3
  • Gabriella Cirviller 4
  • hamid reza pordeli 5

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industrial, Science & Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran- Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industrial, Science & Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran- Iran

3 Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran

4 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, Sez. Patologia VegetaleUniversità degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly

5 Department of Mycology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Using natural plant products has become more important as viable alternatives to control postharvest diseases. The effect of four essential oils of medicine plants including Thymus vulgaris, Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum and Aloe vera were tested (100, 200, 300, 400ppm) in vitro and in vivo (200,300,400 ppm) for their fungal inhibitory percentage and antagonistic properties against Penicillium digitatum. Plant essential oil extracted by hydro distillation using a Clevenger-type, and minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) was determined using agar dilution method. In vitro inhibitory effects of the plant extracts showed maximum percent inhibition (99.95%) by thyme extract, which also had the best MIC value against P. digitatum. GC-MS analysis of the thyme oils extract led to the identification of 22 different components which carvacrol (2.88%), 60.18% thymol (60.18%), linalool (4.22%), γ-terpinene (6.39%)  were found to be the main constituents in T. vulgaris. Thyme essential oil inoculated into wounds with the pathogen stimulated the orange to increase production of phenol compound, catalase and peroxidase activity. Thus, different concentrations of the thyme essential oil are effective on controlling the producing agent of the green mold fungus significantly, and induce resistance to orange by effect on defense enzyme.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allium sativum
  • Aloe vera
  • Cuminum cyminum
  • Penicillium digitatum
  • Thymus vulgaris
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 86، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 107
اسفند 1397
صفحه 1-11
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هم رسانی
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