با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات سن گندم، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور

2 بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

3 3بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

چکیده

رابطة بین انبوهی جمعیت پوره‌ها و حشرات کامل سن معمولی گندم، Eurygaster integriceps، و درصد سن‌زدگی دانه‌ها‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌، در شرایط طبیعی زارعین، معیاری را برای تعیین تراز زیان اقتصادی (EIL) مشخص می‌کند. بدین‌منظور در استان‌های آذربایجان غربی و لرستان هریک سه مزرعة دیم از ارقام سرداری و آذر2 طی سه سال بررسی شد. نمونه‌برداری از انبوهی جمعیت پوره‌ها و حشرات کامل سن، به دو روش کادراندازی و تورزنی (هریک در 25 کرت بیست متر مربعی) در ماه آخر رشد گندم صورت پذیرفت. سپس نز‌‌‌دیک برداشت محصول در هر کرت با نمونه‌گیری از ده سنبلة گندم‌‌‌‌‌‌ درصد سن‌ز‌‌‌دگی دانه‌ها تعیین ‌شد. از آزمون‌های همبستگی (correlation) و رگرسیون رابطة میان میانگین انبوهی جمعیت سن و درصد سن‌ز‌‌‌دگی در کرت‌ها در ارقام یادشده به‌دست آمد. داده‌ها به کمک مدل‌های مختلف توسط نرم‌افزار TableCurve 2D برازش داده شد. برای رقم سرداری مدل‌های نمایی (در کادر و تور) و برای رقم آذر2 مدل‌های توانی (کادر) و نمایی (تور) برازش بهتری را نشان دادند. میانگین انبوهی جمعیتی که بتواند خسارت دو درصد به دانه‌های گندم وارد کند در ارقام سرداری و آذر2 به‌ترتیب برای کادر 25/3 و 88/2 عدد سن در متر مربع و برای تور 3/4 و 82/2 عدد سن در پنج عدد تور یک‌طرفه برآورد شد. بر این اساس تراز زیان اقتصادی پوره‌ها و حشرات کامل نسل بهاره سن گندم برای سطوح مختلف سن‌زدگی دانه‌ها بحث شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between population density of Eurygaster integriceps nymphs and new adults with kernel damage percentage in rain-fed varieties of Sardari and Azar2

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Mohaghegh 1
  • Maryam Forouzan 2
  • Mirreza Jamshidi 3

1 Sunn Pest Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

2 Plant Protection Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran

3 Plant Protection Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The relationship between population density of sunn pest and kernel damage percentage, especially in natural farmers’ situations, determines a criterion for the economic injury level (EIL). For this purpose three wheat farms, cultivated with either Sardari or Azar2 varieties were selected in each of Lorestan and West Azarbaijan provinces. Population densities of nymphs and new adults were sampled both by quadrat and sweeping net sampling methods (each using twenty-five 20-squer-meter plots) during the last month of wheat growth. Then, at harvesting 10 wheat spikes were randomly taken off from each plot to determine kernel damage percentage. The relationship between population density and kernel damage percentage in each plot was determined, using correlation and regression analyses. Linear and nonlinear models were also fitted using TableCurve 2D software. As a result, exponential models were properly fitted for Sardari variety in both quadrat and sweeping net methods, respectively, whereas power and exponential models were well matched with Azar2 variety for the respective methods. Based on the models prediction, mean population densities that could cause 2 percent kernel damage in Sardari and Azar 2 varieties were 3.25 and 2.88 for quadrat and 4.3 and 2.82 for sweep net, respectively. Moreover, the EILs of the nymphs and new adults for different kernel damaged levels were discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Damage estimation
  • density-damage nonlinear models
  • sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps
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