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کارایی قارچ کش بیولوژیک حاصل از جدایه های جهش یافته تریکودرما درکنترل بیماری پوسیدگی ذغالی سویا

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی-دانشکده علوم زراعی-دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری-ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران، کرج

چکیده

پوسیدگی ذغالی، مهم­ترین بیماری قارچی سویا در کشور است. با توجه به نبود ارقام مقاوم، خاکبرد بودن و دامنه بیماری‌زایی وسیع Macrophomina phaseolina ، کنترل شیمیایی و زراعی، به تنهایی موفق نیستند. برای ارتقای کارایی کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری در سویا، از گونه والد Trichoderma koningii NAS-K1 و جدایه جهش­یافته منتخب NAS-K1M25، در شرایط گلخانه استفاده شد. القای جهش، موجب افزایش کارایی کنترل بیولوژیکی بیماری شد. کارایی بیوفرمولاسیون­های پودر، گرانول و پوشش بذر، تهیه شده از این جدایه­ها، به‌طور جداگانه ارزیابی شد. بیوفرمولاسیون پودر، بهترین نتیجه را در کاهش بیماری، بیوفرمولاسیون گرانول، بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاه و بیوفرمولاسیون پوشش بذر، بهترین نتیجه را در بهبود خصوصیات جوانه­زنی و شاخص ویگور داشت. با استفاده از این بیوفرمولاسیون­ها، شاخص‌های رشد سویا نسبت به نمونه شاهد و تیمار سم شیمیایی، افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین افزایش عملکرد در حضور بیمارگر، با استفاده از تیمار بیوفرمولاسیون پوشش بذر با جدایه جهش­یافته منتخب مشاهده شد. بررسی میزان زنده­مانی ماده بیولوژیک در بیوفرمولاسیون­های پودر و گرانول، نشان داد که این شاخص تا مدت 11 ماه در دمای اتاق، کاهش ناچیزی داشته و همچنان مؤثر است اما نگهداری در دمای 4 درجه سلسیوس تأثیر مثبت در فعال ماندن ماده بیولوژیک دارد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficiency of biological fungicide prepared from mutant Trichoderma isolates on reducing of soybean charcoal rot disease damage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farhad Goharzad 1
  • Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary 2
  • samira shahbazi 3

1 Department of Plant protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

2 Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari , Iran

3 Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Charcoal rot is the most important fungal disease on soybean in Iran. According to the absence of the resistant cultivars, soil inhabitant and the high pathogenicity rate of the pathogen, chemical and crop control alone is not succeed. To improve the efficiencyof disease biological control on soybean in greenhouse, the wild type Trichoderma koningii NAS-K1 (non radiated) and the selective mutant NAS-K1M25 isolates were used. The induction of mutation in wild type increases the biological control efficiency of the disease. The efficiency of powder, granular and seed coating bio-formulations, were evaluated separately in greenhouse. Powder has the best effect in reducing the disease; granular bio-formulation has the best effect on plant growth and its yield and seed coating, has the best effect on seed germination characteristics and vigor index. The application of these bio-formulations increased soybean growth indices compared to the control and chemical treatments. The highest yield production increase in the presence of the pathogen was observed by seed coating treated with NAS-K1M25. Study on viability of biological agent in powder and granular bio-formulations, showed that it has slight decrease and still effective for a period of 11 months at room temperature, but keeping it at 4 °C has a positive effect on it.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological fungicide
  • charcoal rot
  • induction of mutation
  • soybean Trichoderma
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 87، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 109
اسفند 1398
صفحه 209-226
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هم رسانی
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