با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نویسندگان

عضو هیئت علمی/ مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران

چکیده

نحوة فعالیت فصلی شته‌های مرکبات با استفاده از روش‌های نمونه‌برداری مستقیم و تله‌های زرد آبی در باغات منطقه ساری استان مازندران در خلال سال‌های 1382 و1383 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. توانایی انتقال ویروس تریستزای مرکبات توسط شته‌های مهم در باغات مرکبات این منطقه نیز ارزیابی شد. گونه‌های شناسایی شده در این بررسی
به ترتیب فراوانی، در سال 1382 شامل Aphis gossypii (78%)، Toxoptera aurantii (8%)، Macrosiphum euphorbiae (8%) و Aulacarthum solani (6%)، و در سال 1383 شامل
A. gossypii (51%)، Aphis spiraecola (21%)، T. aurantii(12%)، Aphis fabae (9%)، Aphis craccivora (5/3%)، Aphis nasturtii (2%)، Myzus persicae (5/0%)، M. euphorbiae (5/0%) و Aphis rumicis (5/0%) بود. شته A. gossypii گونه غالب در باغات مرکبات این منطقه بود.
در آزمون انتقال از گیاهچه‌های بذری لیمو مکزیکی به عنوان دهنده و گیرنده ویروس تریستزای مرکبات، و از جمعیت‌های بیست تایی و ده‌تایی چهار گونه شتـه  A. spiraecola،
T. aurantii،A. gossypiiوA. fabaeبه عنوان ناقل برای هر یک از گیاهچه‌های لیمو مکزیکی گیرنده ویروس استفاده شد. میزان نهال‌های آلوده شده توسط جمعیت‌های بیست تایی شته
A. gossypii، برابر با 33/3% و با جمعیت‌های ده تایی این گونه معادل 66/1% بود و احتمال انتقال توسط تک شته ناقل در هر دو مورد برابر با 17/0% محاسبه گردید. سایر گونه‌های مورد بررسی قادر به انتقال این سویه نبودند. روش تله زرد آبی در مقایسه با نمونه برداری مستقیم، فاقد کارآیی لازم بـود. گونه‌های A. rumicis، A. nasturtii و A. solani برای اولین بار از فون شته‌های مرکبات در شمال کشور گزارش می‌گردند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal fluctuations of citrus aphids in the East of Mazandaran and Citrus tristeza virus transmissibility by the major species

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Vahid Alavi
  • Ali Rezvani

member of scientific board/ Mazandaran agricultural and natural resources research centre

چکیده [English]

Seasonal activity of citrus aphids was monitored by direct sampling and yellow water–pan traps during 2003 and 2004, in citrus groves in Sari area of Mazandaran. Citrus tristeza virus transmission ability of the predominant aphid species was also studied. The proportions of the different aphid species from direct sampling were: Aphis gossypii (78%), Toxoptera aurantii (8%), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (8%) and Aulacarthum solani (6%) in 2003, and A. gossypii (51%), Aphis spiraecola (21%), T. aurantii (12%), Aphis fabae (9%), Aphis craccivora (3.5%), Aphis nasturtii (2%), Myzus persicae (0.5%), M. euphorbiae (0.5%) and Aphis rumicis (0.5%) in 2004. The results provided additional evidence for A.gossypii as the most common aphid species in citrus groves in this area. Transmission tests were conducted using Mexican lime seedlings as donor and receptor plants for the virus, 20 and 10 aphids of the four aphid species (A. gossypii, T. aurantii, A. spiraecola and A. fabae) were used per to infest receptor plant. Rates of the infected plants by the 20 and 10 individuals of A. gossypii were equal to 3.33 and 1.66 percents respectively and probability of the individual aphid transmission was calculated 0.17% in the two cases.
The other aphid species were not able to transmit the CTV in the East of Mazandaran. The yellow water-pan trap method had not adequate efficiency in comparison to the direct sampling of aphids. A. rumicis, A. nasturtii and A. solani were the first record of aphids fauna on citrus in the North of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Citrus aphids
  • Aphis gossypii
  • Citrus tristeza virus
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