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نویسندگان

1 تهران، بزرگراه شهید چمران، خیابان یمن (تابناک)، جنوب به شمال نرسیده به انتهای خیابان، سمت راست، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، بخش

2 دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

در این تحقیق تأثیر استفاده از دو حشره‌کش‌ سیستمیک جذبی از ریشه شامل تیامتوکسام و ایمیداکلوپراید در کنترل جمعیت حشرات ناقل و نیز بیماری‌های ویروسی قابل انتقال با این ناقلین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به ‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با استفاده از سه حشره‌کش تیامتوکسام، ایمیداکلوپراید و تیودیکارب به همراه شاهد (آب) و دو رقم سیب‌زمینی اگریا و مارفونا انجام گردید. آزمون در چهار تکرار و در دو استان تهران و همدان در دو سال زراعی 1380 و 1381 انجام شد.
سه حشره‌کش تیامتوکسام (فرمولاسیون Cruiser 350FS)، ایمیداکلوپراید (فرمولاسیون
Gaucho 70WS) و تیودیکارب (فرمولاسیون Larvin DF80) به ترتیب به میزان 20 میلی لیتر، 5/28 و 5/37 گرم به ازای 100 کیلوگرم بذر به صورت تیمار غده‌های بذری و متعاقب اضافه کردن این سه حشره‌کش به ترتیب از فرمولاسیون‌های Actara 25WG، Confidor 350SC و Larvin DF80 در موقع خاک‌دهی پای بوته‌های سیب‌زمینی به ترتیب به مقدار 03/0 گرم، 14/0 میلی‌لیتر و 05/0 گرم در هر متر از ردیف کشت استفاده شد. تعداد حشرات ناقل در کرتچه‌های آزمایشی، در سه گروه شته، زنجرک و تریپس شمارش شدند. همچنین میزان آلودگی به ویروس‌ اس سیب زمینی (PVS)، ویروس ام سیب‌زمینی (PVM)، ویروس برگ قاشقی سیب‌زمینی (PLRV)، ویروس موزاییک یونجه (AlMV) و ویروس وای سیب‌زمینی (PVY) با استفاده از آزمون الایزا و در مورد ویروس پژمردگی لکه‌ای گوجه‌فرنگی (TSWV) به کمک روش RT-PCR در کرتچه‌های آزمایشی مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. داده‌های حاصله در دو مقطع زمانی اوایل فصل (اواسط خرداد) و در اواخر فصل (اواسط شهریور) مورد تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که هر دو حشره‌کش تیامتوکسام و ایمیداکلوپراید (بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار با یکدیگر در سطح 1%) تعداد شته‌ها و زنجرک‌ها را در مقایسه با شاهد، هم در اوایل و هم در اواخر فصل تا حدود 3 برابر و تعداد تریپس‌ها را در اوایل فصل زراعی تا حدود دو برابر و در اواخر فصل تا 3 برابر کاهش دادند. همچنین میزان آلودگی به ویروس‌های AlMV، PVM، PVS و PVY در اوایل فصل به نصف و در اواخر فصل به حدود یک سوم کرتچه‌های شاهد کاهش یافت. میزان بوته‌های آلوده به PLRV و TSWV در اوایل و هم اواخر فصل زراعی در کرتچه‌های تیمار شده با دو حشره‌کش تیامتوکسام و ایمیداکلوپراید به ترتیب حدود 4 و 3 برابر نسبت به شاهد کاهش داشت. حشره‌کش تیودیکارب کارایی مناسبی در کاهش تراکم ناقلین و نیز میزان بیماری‌های ویروسی نداشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of two neo-nicotinoid root absorbing insecticides for virus disease vector controlling in seed potato fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Pourrahim 1
  • Shirin Farzadfar
  • Hormoz Soltani
  • Alireza Golnaraghi
  • Ali Ahoonmanesh 2

1 Researcher

چکیده [English]

Viral diseases and their vector insects have a great concern in seed potato production. Systemic insecticides by killing the vectors reduce the incidence of the diseases especially in early growing stages of potato plants. In this study, the ability of seed tuber treatment with two neo-nicotinoid root absorbing systemic insecticides, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, were evaluated to control the insect vectors and viral diseases under field conditions with natural occurrence of vector populations. The tests were conducted using a split plot RCBD design with 3 insecticides (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and thiodicarb) as sub-treatment and 2 potato cultivars (Agria and Marfona) as main treatment in 4 replicates. The trials were performed in two locations, Bahar (Hamadan) and Firozkoh (Tehran), in 2001 and 2002. Each insecticide treatment consisted of seed tuber treatment at planting and second treatment at hilling. In seed tuber treatment, thiamethoaxam (Cruiser 350FS), imidacloprid (Gaucho 70WS) and thiodicarb (Larvin DF80) were used at 20mL, 28.5 gr and 37.5 gr ratio for 100 Kg seed tuber, respectively. In soil application at hilling stage of potatoes, thiamethoaxam (Actara 25WG), imidacloprid (Confidor 350SC) and thiodicarb (Larvin DF80) were used at 0.14 gr, 0.14 ml and 0.05 gr ratio, respectively, for each one meter of potato rows in field. Vector populations in 3 groups including aphids, leafhoppers and thrips were evaluated. Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato virus Y (PVY) in the plots was detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Also, Tomatospotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers as previously described. The data of early and late season tests were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that in early and late season, seed treatment with thiamethoxam and imidacloprid reduced significantly aphid and leafhopper numbers up to 3 fold relative to no treated controls. Thrips population was reduced up to 2 times in early season and 3 times in late season. Also, the incidence of AlMV, PVM, PVS, and PVY reduced up to half in early season and one third in late season in relative to non treated controls. Incidences of PLRV and TSWV in both early and late season were one fourth and one third of no treated controls, respectively. Thiodicarb treatments had not acceptable control on vector and disease incidence. Our results showed that seed potato tuber treatment at planting with thiamethoxam (Cruiser 350FS) or imidacloprid (Gaucho 70WS) at a ratio of 20 gr and 28.5 gr. per 100 kg of tubers, respectively, with a mid season soil application of thiamethoxam (Actara 25WG) or imidacloprid (Confidor 350SC) at a ratio of 0.03 gr and 0.14ml per one meter of plant rows, would reduce the vectors populations and viral disease incidence in potato fields. The Advantages of application of systemic root absorbing pesticids in vector and virus control in seed potato fields was discused.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Thiamethoxam (Cruiser
  • Actara)
  • imidacloprid (Gaucho
  • Confidor)
  • thiodicarb (Larvin)
  • Seed potato
  • Potato production
  • Alfalfa mosaic virus
  • Potato leaf roll virus
  • Potato virus M
  • Potato virus S
  • Potato virus Y
  • Tomato spotted wilt virus
  • Vector control
اصل مقاله

 

ALYOKHIN, A., G. SEWELL and E. GRODEN, 2002. Aphid abundance and potato virus Y transmission in imidacloprid-treated potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 79: 255-262.

ANONYMOUS, 1999. Statistical survey of potato. 2nd ed. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, 85 pp.

AVEYARD, C. S. and J. A. T. WOODFORD, 1984. Granular insecticide persistence and the control of potato leafroll virus. Crop Protection in northern Britain 1984, Proceedings of a conference held at Dundee University 19-22, March 1984. 154-159, Dundee, United Kingdom, Scottish Crop Research Institute.

BASSIRI, A. 1989. Statistical designs in Agricultural sciences. Shiraz University Press, No. 99, 595 p. in Persian.

CASSIE, A. R., G. D. RALF, A. H. LISA and J. M. DONALD, 2000. Real time RT-PCR fluorescent detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus. J. Virol. Methods 88: 1-8.

CLARK, M. F. and A. N. ADAMS, 1977. Characteristics of the microplate method
of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Jou. Gen. Virol.
34: 475-483.

COLLAR, J. L., C. AVILLA, M. DUQUE and A. FERERES, 1997. Behavioral response and virus vector ability of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) probing on pepper plants treated with aphicides. J. Economic Entomology, 90: 1628-1634.

COX, C. 2001. Insecticide factsheet: Imidacloprid. Journal of Pesticide Reform 21:
15-21.

DE BOKX, J. A. and H. HUTTINGA, 1987. Potato viruses and seed potato production. Wageningen 259 pp.

DIVELY, G. P., P. A. FOLLETT, J. J. LINDUSKA and G. K. RODERICK, 1998. Use of Imidacloprid-treated row mixtures for colorado potato beetle (Col.: Chrysomelidae) management. J. Economic Entomology 91: 376-387.

ELBERT, A., R. NAUEN, M. CAHILL, A. L. DEVONSHIRE, A. W. SCARR, S. STONE and R. STEFFENS, 1996. Resistance management with chloronicotinyl insecticides using imidacloprid as an example. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr 49:5-54.

GABRIEL, W., J. SZULC and M. WISLOCKA, 1981. Influence de la distance des sources d’infection sur l’effet de traitements a l’aide d’insecticides systemiques sur la propagation de virus Y et M de la pomme de terre. Potato Res. 25:111.

GROVES, R. L., C. E. SORENSON, J. F. WALGENBACH and G. G. KENNEDY, 2001. Effects of imidacloprid on transmission of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus to pepper, tomato and tobacco by Frankliniella fusca Hinds (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Crop Protection 20, 439-445.

HOLBROOK, F. R. 1977. Aldicarb and thiofanox: effect on the feeding activity of green peach aphids. J. Economic Entomology 70: 742-744.

HOOKER, W. J. 1990. Compendium of potato diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 125 pp.

LEWIS, T. 1998. Thrips as crop pests. CABI publishing, CAB International, 428 pp.

LITTLE, T. M. and F. J. HILLS, 1991. Agricultural experimentation design and analysis. Persian translation by: SARAFRAZ, A. A. and BOZORG NIA, A., Mashhad University Press, 400 pp.

LOEBENSTEIN, G., P. H. BERGER, A. A. BRUNT and R. H. LAWSON, 2001. Virus and virus like diseases of potatoes and production of seed potatoes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 460 pp.

MARCO, S. 1980. The use of insecticides to control potato leafroll virus in seed potato crops on the Golan Heights. Phytoparasitica 8: 61-71.

McKINLAY, R. G. and M. F. FRANKLIN, 1983. Potato aphid and leaf roll virus control: insecticide granules and sprays. 10th international congress of plant protection, Bringhton, England, p 1204.

McPHERSON, R. M., B. D. CROWE and J. D. TAYLOR, 1998. Early season thrips control and impact on aphid population densities in flue-cured tobacco. Arth. Manage. Tests 23, 291-292.

NAUEN, R. 1995. Behavior modeling effects of low systemic concentrations of imidacloprid on Myzus persicae with special reference to an antifeeding response. Pestic Sci. 44: 145-153.

PAPPU, H. R., A. S. CSINOS, R. M. McPHERSON, D. C. JONES and M. G. STEPHENSON, 2000. Effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and imidacloprid on suppression of tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus in flue-cured tobacco. Crop Prot. 19, 349-354.

PERRING, T. M., N. M. GRUENHAGEN and C. A. FARRAR, 1999. Management of plant viral diseases through chemical control of insect vectors. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 44:
457-481.

POURRAHIM, R., S. FARZADFAR, A. A. MOINI, N. SHAFRAEEN and A. AHOONMANESH, 2001. First report of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on potatoes in Iran. Plant Dis. 85: 442.

POWELL, D. M. and T. W. MONDOR, 1973. Control of the green peach aphid and suppression of leaf roll on potatoes by systemic soil insecticides and multiple foliar sprays. Journal of Economic Entomology 66: 170-177.

POWELL, G. 1991. Cell membrane punctures during epidermal penetration by aphids: consequences for the transmission of two potyviruses. Ann. Appl. Biol. 119: 313-321.

POWELL, G., R. HARRINGTON and N. J. SPILLER, 1992. Stylet activities and potato virus Y vector efficiencies by the aphids Brachycaudus helichrysi and Drepanosiphum platanoidis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 62: 293-300.

RABERT, Y. 1976. Effect of endotherapeutic insecticide treatments on the spread of potato leafroll virus in Brittany. Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 25: 187-200.

RAGSDALE, D. W., E. B. RADCLIFFE and C. D. DIFONZO, 2001. Epidemiology and field control of PVY and PLRV. in: Loebenstein, G., Berger, P. H., Brunt, A. A. and Lawson, R. H. (eds.). Virus and virus like diseases of potatoes and production of seed potatoes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 237-270.

RANDALL, C. R. 1993. Potato health management. APS Press, Minnesota, USA, 238 pp.

RONGAI, D., C. CERATO, R. MARTELLI and R. GHEDINI, 1998. Aspects of insecticide resistance and reproductive biology of Ahis gossypii glover on seed potatoes. Potato Research 41: 29-37.

SAMBROOK, J., E. F. FRITSCH and T. MANIATIS, 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, NewYork.

SHURKUS, I. S. and V. P. SEMYANOV, 1981. Noveishie Dostizheniya Selskokhozyaistvennoi Entomologii, 1981, 207-209.

SINGH, L., H. S. RATAUL and L. SINGH, 1990. Influence of soil systemic granular insecticides on the mortality of Myzus persicae. Indian Journal of Entomology, 52: 557-564.

TAMADA, T., M. TAKAKUWA and T. NARITA, 1971. Effects of granulated systemic insecticide on the time of spread of potato leaf roll virus and on the transmission behaviour of aphid Myzus persicae Sulz. Bulletin of Hokkaido Prefectual Agricultural Experiment Stations. No. 23: 80-89.

TODD, J. W., A. K. CULBREATH and S. L. BROWN, 1996. Dynamics of vector populations and progress of spotted wilt disease relative to insecticide use in peanuts. Acta. Hort. 431, 483-490.

VILLACARLOS, L. T. 1987. Effects of systemic insecticides on the feeding behavior and mortality of green peach aphid and its transmission of potato leaf roll virus. Philippine-Entomologist 7: 121-128.

WILSON, C. R. 1998. Tomato spotted wilt virus in seed potatoes. Potato Australia 9:30-31.

WOODFORD, J. A. T. 1992. Effects of systemic application of imidacloprid on the feeding behaviour and survival of Myzus persicae on potatoes and on transmission of potato leafrool virus. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten-Bayer 45: 527-546.

مراجع
ALYOKHIN, A., G. SEWELL and E. GRODEN, 2002. Aphid abundance and potato virus Y transmission in imidacloprid-treated potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 79: 255-262.
ANONYMOUS, 1999. Statistical survey of potato. 2nd ed. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, 85 pp.
AVEYARD, C. S. and J. A. T. WOODFORD, 1984. Granular insecticide persistence and the control of potato leafroll virus. Crop Protection in northern Britain 1984, Proceedings of a conference held at DundeeUniversity 19-22, March 1984. 154-159, Dundee, United Kingdom, Scottish Crop Research Institute.
BASSIRI, A. 1989. Statistical designs in Agricultural sciences. ShirazUniversity Press, No. 99, 595 p. in Persian.
CASSIE, A. R., G. D. RALF, A. H. LISA and J. M. DONALD, 2000. Real time RT-PCR fluorescent detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus. J. Virol. Methods 88: 1-8.
CLARK, M. F. and A. N. ADAMS, 1977. Characteristics of the microplate method
of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Jou. Gen. Virol.
34: 475-483.
COLLAR, J. L., C. AVILLA, M. DUQUE and A. FERERES, 1997. Behavioral response and virus vector ability of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) probing on pepper plants treated with aphicides. J. Economic Entomology, 90: 1628-1634.
COX, C. 2001. Insecticide factsheet: Imidacloprid. Journal of Pesticide Reform 21:
15-21.
DE BOKX, J. A. and H. HUTTINGA, 1987. Potato viruses and seed potato production. Wageningen 259 pp.
DIVELY, G. P., P. A. FOLLETT, J. J. LINDUSKA and G. K. RODERICK, 1998. Use of Imidacloprid-treated row mixtures for colorado potato beetle (Col.: Chrysomelidae) management. J. Economic Entomology 91: 376-387.
ELBERT, A., R. NAUEN, M. CAHILL, A. L. DEVONSHIRE, A. W. SCARR, S. STONE and R. STEFFENS, 1996. Resistance management with chloronicotinyl insecticides using imidacloprid as an example. Pflanzenschutz-Nachr 49:5-54.
GABRIEL, W., J. SZULC and M. WISLOCKA, 1981. Influence de la distance des sources d’infection sur l’effet de traitements a l’aide d’insecticides systemiques sur la propagation de virus Y et M de la pomme de terre. Potato Res. 25:111.
GROVES, R. L., C. E. SORENSON, J. F. WALGENBACH and G. G. KENNEDY, 2001. Effects of imidacloprid on transmission of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus to pepper, tomato and tobacco by Frankliniella fusca Hinds (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Crop Protection 20, 439-445.
HOLBROOK, F. R. 1977. Aldicarb and thiofanox: effect on the feeding activity of green peach aphids. J. Economic Entomology 70: 742-744.
HOOKER, W. J. 1990. Compendium of potato diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 125 pp.
LEWIS, T. 1998. Thrips as crop pests. CABI publishing, CAB International, 428 pp.
LITTLE, T. M. and F. J. HILLS, 1991. Agricultural experimentation design and analysis. Persian translation by: SARAFRAZ, A. A. and BOZORG NIA, A., Mashhad University Press, 400 pp.
LOEBENSTEIN, G., P. H. BERGER, A. A. BRUNT and R. H. LAWSON, 2001. Virus and virus like diseases of potatoes and production of seed potatoes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 460 pp.
MARCO, S. 1980. The use of insecticides to control potato leafroll virus in seed potato crops on the Golan Heights. Phytoparasitica 8: 61-71.
McKINLAY, R. G. and M. F. FRANKLIN, 1983. Potato aphid and leaf roll virus control: insecticide granules and sprays. 10th international congress of plant protection, Bringhton, England, p 1204.
McPHERSON, R. M., B. D. CROWE and J. D. TAYLOR, 1998. Early season thrips control and impact on aphid population densities in flue-cured tobacco. Arth. Manage. Tests 23, 291-292.
NAUEN, R. 1995. Behavior modeling effects of low systemic concentrations of imidacloprid on Myzus persicae with special reference to an antifeeding response. Pestic Sci. 44: 145-153.
PAPPU, H. R., A. S. CSINOS, R. M. McPHERSON, D. C. JONES and M. G. STEPHENSON, 2000. Effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and imidacloprid on suppression of tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus in flue-cured tobacco. Crop Prot. 19, 349-354.
PERRING, T. M., N. M. GRUENHAGEN and C. A. FARRAR, 1999. Management of plant viral diseases through chemical control of insect vectors. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 44:
457-481.
POURRAHIM, R., S. FARZADFAR, A. A. MOINI, N. SHAFRAEEN and A. AHOONMANESH, 2001. First report of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on potatoes in Iran. Plant Dis. 85: 442.
POWELL, D. M. and T. W. MONDOR, 1973. Control of the green peach aphid and suppression of leaf roll on potatoes by systemic soil insecticides and multiple foliar sprays. Journal of Economic Entomology 66: 170-177.
POWELL, G. 1991. Cell membrane punctures during epidermal penetration by aphids: consequences for the transmission of two potyviruses. Ann. Appl. Biol. 119: 313-321.
POWELL, G., R. HARRINGTON and N. J. SPILLER, 1992. Stylet activities and potato virus Y vector efficiencies by the aphids Brachycaudus helichrysi and Drepanosiphum platanoidis. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 62: 293-300.
RABERT, Y. 1976. Effect of endotherapeutic insecticide treatments on the spread of potato leafroll virus in Brittany. Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 25: 187-200.
RAGSDALE, D. W., E. B. RADCLIFFE and C. D. DIFONZO, 2001. Epidemiology and field control of PVY and PLRV. in: Loebenstein, G., Berger, P. H., Brunt, A. A. and Lawson, R. H. (eds.). Virus and virus like diseases of potatoes and production of seed potatoes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp 237-270.
RANDALL, C. R. 1993. Potato health management. APSPress, Minnesota, USA, 238 pp.
RONGAI, D., C. CERATO, R. MARTELLI and R. GHEDINI, 1998. Aspects of insecticide resistance and reproductive biology of Ahis gossypii glover on seed potatoes. Potato Research 41: 29-37.
SAMBROOK, J., E. F. FRITSCH and T. MANIATIS, 1989. Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. ColdSpringHarbour Laboratory, NewYork.
SHURKUS, I. S. and V. P. SEMYANOV, 1981. Noveishie Dostizheniya Selskokhozyaistvennoi Entomologii, 1981, 207-209.
SINGH, L., H. S. RATAUL and L. SINGH, 1990. Influence of soil systemic granular insecticides on the mortality of Myzus persicae. Indian Journal of Entomology, 52: 557-564.
TAMADA, T., M. TAKAKUWA and T. NARITA, 1971. Effects of granulated systemic insecticide on the time of spread of potato leaf roll virus and on the transmission behaviour of aphid Myzus persicae Sulz. Bulletin of Hokkaido Prefectual Agricultural Experiment Stations. No. 23: 80-89.
TODD, J. W., A. K. CULBREATH and S. L. BROWN, 1996. Dynamics of vector populations and progress of spotted wilt disease relative to insecticide use in peanuts. Acta. Hort. 431, 483-490.
VILLACARLOS, L. T. 1987. Effects of systemic insecticides on the feeding behavior and mortality of green peach aphid and its transmission of potato leaf roll virus. Philippine-Entomologist 7: 121-128.
WILSON, C. R. 1998. Tomato spotted wilt virus in seed potatoes. Potato Australia 9:30-31.
WOODFORD, J. A. T. 1992. Effects of systemic application of imidacloprid on the feeding behaviour and survival of Myzus persicae on potatoes and on transmission of potato leafrool virus. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten-Bayer 45: 527-546.
آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 75، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 84
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اسفند 1386
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