با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نویسندگان

چکیده

یکی از مؤثرترین روش‌های کاربردی برای جلوگیری از خسارت نماتد مولد سیست چغندرقند (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871) استفاده از گردش زراعی مناسب می‌باشد. برای تعیین اثر تناوب در کنترل این نماتد آزمایشاتی در یک مزرعه آلوده به انگل در طی سال‌های 76-1371 در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 5 تکرار در بخش جی و قهاب اصفهان انجام گرفت. گیاهان غیرمیزبان نماتد و متداول در منطقه شامل گندم، شبدر، طالبی، یونجه، ذرت دانه‌ای، پنبه و پیاز بودند. ارزیابی آزمایش بر اساس شمارش جمعیت تخم و لارو موجود در سیست‌های نماتد در گرم خاک مزرعه قبل از کاشت و پس از برداشت گیاهان، درصد کاهش جمعیت نماتد، عملکرد ریشه و قند چغندرقند در سال آخر آزمایش در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (کشت متوالی چغندرقند) صورت گرفت. کلیه تیمارها دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری با تیمار شاهد بودند (P 0.01). الگوهای کشت چغندرقند- پنبه- گندم- پیاز- طالبی- چغندرقند و همچنین چغندرقند- طالبی- گندم- شبدر- ذرت دانه‌ای- چغندرقند موجب کاهش 100 درصد در جمعیت تخم و لارو نماتد پس از 5 سال در تیمارهای آزمایشی گردیدند. میانگین عملکرد ریشه این تیمارها به ترتیب 46/20 و 52/20 و عملکرد قند 89/2 و 73/2 تن در هکتار و عملکرد ریشه و قند تیمار شاهد (بدون تناوب) به ترتیب 9/16 و 1/2 تن قند در هکتار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of crop rotation on the population reduction of sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) in Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Ahmadi
  • M. DAMADZADEH

چکیده [English]

Crop rotation is one of the most effective methods of reducing the damage of sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871). In this study in a six years period (1992-1997), no-host crops: wheat, clover, cantaloupe, alfalfa, grain maize, cotton and onion were used in a completely randomized block design with five rotation patterns (treatments) and five replications in an infected field in "Jey and Ghohab" area of Isfahan. The eggs and larvae in the cysts per gr. of soil, before planting and after harvest of each crop, percentage of nematode reduction, root and sugar yield per ha. in the final year were measured. The results showed that all the rotation patterns had significantly different data with that of check (six years continuous sugar beet) of 1% level. The rotation of "sugar beet, cotton, wheat, onion, cantaloupe and sugar beet" and also "sugar beet, cantaloupe, wheat, clover, grain maize and sugar beet" reduced the nematode population up to 100% after five years in experimental trials. The yield of sugar beet root at last year was 20.46 and 20.52 and sugar yield was 2.89 and 2.73 ton/ha. for these two groups respectively. The data for check were 16.9 and 2.1 ton/ha. respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sugar beet
  • rotation
  • sugar beet cyst nematode
  • Heterodera schachtii
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