با همکاری انجمن‏‌ بیماری شناسی گیاهی ایران

نوع مقاله : جانور شناسی کشاورزی

نویسندگان

1 بخش گیاهپزشکی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه شیراز

2 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب

3 بخش گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

در این پژوهش تنوع گونه ­ای کنه­ های اریباتید در دو بوم­ سازگان کشاورزی در استان خراسان رضوی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌برداری­ ها از یک مزرعه یونجه سه ساله به مساحت دو هکتار و یک باغ درختان میوه سردسیری به مساحت 6/0 هکتار، از اول فروردین تا پایان شهریور 1393 به‌صورت ماهانه انجام گرفت. در هر ماه، 10 نمونه خاک با حجم یکسان و به‌صورت تصادفی از عمق 0-20 سانتی­متری و در مجموع 60 نمونه از این دو ­بوم­ سازگان برداشته شد. جداسازی با قیف برلیز و پس از شفاف­ سازی و تهیه اسلاید، هر نمونه بر اساس صفات ریخت­ شناختی بیرونی مورد شناسائی و به‌عنوان گونه مورفولوژیک در نظر گرفته شد. ترکیب ساختار گونه­ ای، شاخص ­های تنوع گونه­ ای و یکنواختی آلفا و نیز تخمین غنای گونه­ ای حداکثر در هر دو بوم­سازگان با استفاده از پنج روش متداول ناپارامتری انجام شد. از مجموع 1425 فرد جمع ­آوری شده، 1097 فرد در قالب 40 گونه به بوم­سازگان باغی و 328 فرد در قالب 25 گونه به ­بوم ­سازگان یونجه تعلق داشتند. بوم­ سازگان باغی از غنای گونه‌ای (تعداد گونه) و تنوع گونه­ ای بالاتر و از نظر پراکنش فراوانی گونه­ ها در جامعه از یکنواختی بیشتری نسبت به ‌بوم ­سازگان یونجه برخوردار بود. تخمین غنای حداکثر (Smax) در این دو ­بوم­ سازگان با استفاده از پنج روش متداول نشان داد که تعداد گونه­ های قابل کشف در ­بوم­سازگان یونجه 54 و در بوم ­سازگان باغی 185 گونه تخمین زده می شود. دلایل احتمالی تغییرات تنوع­ گونه ­ای جامعه کنه ­های اریباتید در این دو ­بوم­ سازگان مورد بحث قرار گرفت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Oribatid mite species diversity in two agricultural ecosystems of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadali Akrami 1
  • Abbas Mohammadi-khoramabadi 2
  • Toktam Farzaneh 3

1 Dept. Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University

2 Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University

3 Dept. Plant Protection of Shiraz University

چکیده [English]

This study was carried out to investigate oribatid mite species diversity of two agricultural ecosystems in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. Samplings have been done monthly in a three-year old alfalfa field with an area of two hectares, and a fruit orchard with an area of 0.6 hectare from April to October 2014. In each month, 10 soil samples were randomly taken with equal volumes from depth of 0-20 cm, totally 60 samples. Berlese funnel was used to extract the oribatid mites and collected individuals were then cleared, mounted on microscope slides and identified based on external morphological characters and supposed as morphological species. Community structure, Alfa diversity indices and nonparametric estimation of maximum species richness in both ecosystems with five relevant methods were determined. From the total 1425 collected individuals, 1097 individuals including 40 species and 328 individuals including 25 species were belonged to the orchard and alfalfa ecosystems, respectively. The orchard ecosystem has a higher species richness as well as species diversity compared to that of the alfalfa one. The relative abundance of oribatid species in the orchard was also more equitable than that of alfalfa field. Estimation of the maximum species richness (Smax) in these two ecosystems with the five relevant methods showed that the number of detectable species in alfalfa and orchard ecosystems will increase to 54 and 185 species, respectively. The probable indications on the change in the oribatid mite species diversity in these two ecosystems are discussed.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Abundance
  • community structure
  • edaphic mites
  • species richness
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