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تأثیر قارچ ریشه‌های آربوسکولار، Trichoderma harzianum و ترکیب آن‌ها بر پوسیدگی فیتوفتورایی ریشه نهال‌های پسته رقم ممتاز: ویژگی‌های رشدی، تغذیه‌ای و بیوشیمیایی

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیا‌ه‌پزشکی دانشگاه زابل

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

3 پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان، ایران

4 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

5 دانشیارگروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

استفاده از عوامل مهار زیستی یکی از روش­های کاهش پوسیدگی فیتوفتورایی ریشه درختان پسته می‌باشد. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر مایه‌زنی مخلوط سه گونه قارچ ­ریشه آربوسکولار (AM)، Trichoderma harzianum (Th) و ترکیب آن‌ها (AM+Th) بر پوسیدگی فیتوفتورایی ریشه ناشی از Phytophthora drechsleri (Pd) در نهال­ های پسته رقم ممتاز ارزیابی شد. قارچ­ ریشه­ های آربوسکولار، Th و ترکیب آن‌ها هم زمان با کاشت بذرهای پسته مایه‌زنی شد و بیمارگر دوماه بعد، یتایج نشان داد که درتیمارهای AM، Th، AM+Th و برهمکنش آن‌ها با Pd، ویژگی‌های رشدی، تغذیه‌ای و بیوشیمیایی به‌طور معنی­داری در مقایسه با شاهد و بیمارگر افزایش یافته که بیشترین میزان افزایش در تیمارهای AM+Th و AM+Th+Pd مشاهده شد. در انتهای آزمایش، مرگ و میر نهال­ ها از 92 درصد در تیمار Pd، به ‌67، 67 و 50 درصد در تیمارهای AM+Pd، Th+Pd و AM+Th+Pd رسید. نتایج تحقیقات حاضر نشان داد که مایه‌زنی قارچ­ ریشه­ های آربوسکولار و Th و به­خصوص ترکیب آن‌ها می­تواند علاوه بر بهبود خصوصیات رشدی، تغذیه‌ای و بیوشیمیایی، موجب مهار زیستی پوسیدگی فیتوفتورایی ریشه در نهال­های پسته شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas, Trichoderma harzianum and their combination on Phytophthora root rot of pistachio seedlings cv. Momtaz: growth, nutritional and biochemical characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh shamsaddensaeed 1
  • Naser Radman 2
  • Amir Hossein Mohammadi 3
  • Mehdi Pirnia 4
  • Abdol Hossein Taheri 5

1 Department of Plant Protection, University of Zabol

2 Department of Plant Protection, University of Zabol

3 Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rafsanjan, Iran

4 Department of Plant Protection, University of Zabol

5 - Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

چکیده [English]

Using biocontrol agents is one of the methods to reduce mortality of Phytophthora root rot in pistachio orchards. In the present study, the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) (mixture of three species), Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and their combination (AM+Th) were evaluated on Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora drechsleri (Pd) in pistachio seedlings cv. Momtaz. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Th and their combination were inoculated at the time of sowing pistachio seeds, but the pathogen was inoculated two months later. The results showed that AM, Th and AM+Th treatments and their interaction with Pd significantly increased growth, nutritional and biochemical characteristics of seedlings compared to the control and Pd treatment. The highest increase was observed in AM+Th and AM+Th+Pd treatments. At the end of the experiment, the mortality of pistachio seedlings was significantly reduced from 92% in Pd treatment and reached to 67, 67 and 50% in AM+Pd, Th+Pd and AM+Th+Pd treatments, respectively. It is concluded that inoculation of AM, Th and especially their combination improved the growth, nutritional and biochemical characteristics which can lead to biological control of Phytophthora root rot of pistachio seedlings.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • mineral elements
  • proline
  • resistance
  • soluble sugars
  • Phytophthora drechsleri
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 89، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 113
اسفند 1400
صفحه 243-255
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