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تأثیر میزان آلودگی غده‌های بذری سیب‌زمینی به اسکلروت‌هایRhizoctonia solani در شدت و وقوع بیماری شانکر ریزوکتونیایی ساقه زیر زمینی

نوع مقاله : بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور

2 عضو هیات علمی

چکیده

شوره ‌سیاه یا آلودگی غده‌ها به اسکلروت Rhizoctonia solani Kühn از بیماری‌های مهم در دستورالعمل استاندارد ملی سلامت غده‌های بذری سیب‌زمینی است. در این پژوهش نقش زادمایه بذرزاد و خاکزاد در وقوع و شدت شانکر ریزوکتونیایی ساقه زیرزمینی بررسی شد. غده‌های بذری با شش سطح متفاوت آلودگی به شوره‌سیاه در سه نوع خاک ضدعفونی شده، ضدعفونی نشده و ضدعفونی نشده+زادمایه در شرایط گلخانه کشت شدند. ارزیابی براساس تعداد ساقه‌های تولید شده، درصد وقوع و شدت شانکر ریزوکتونیایی انجام شد. بیشترین شدت بیماری در خاک ضدعفونی نشده+زادمایه و غده‌های بذری با سطح آلودگی‏ بیش از 15 درصد مشاهده شد. کمترین شدت شانکر مربوط به غده‌های بذری بدون آلودگی یا غده‌های بذری با آلودگی کمتر از 1 درصد و 5-1 درصد بود. به‌طور کلی در همه تیمارهای خاک، غده‌هایی که آلودگی آن‌ها بیش از 5 درصد بود، 100-70 درصد ساقه‌های تولید شده بیمار بوده و شدت بیماری حداقل 30 درصد افزایش یافت. لذا توصیه می‌شود برای کشت و کار سیب‌زمینی از غده‌های بذری عاری از اسکلروت و یا کمتر از5 درصد استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of the level of seed tuber infection by Rhizoctonia solani sclerotia on the severity and incidence of Rhizoctonia stem canker disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kasra Sharifi 1
  • Fatemeh Khelgati Bana 2

1 IRIPP

2 IRIPP

چکیده [English]

Infection of potato seed tubers by Rhizoctonia solani sclerotia or black scurf is one of the most important diseases in the guideline of potato seed national health standard. In this study, the roles of seed- and soil-borne inoculums on shoot number, canker incidence (CI) and canker severity (CS) were investigated in the greenhouse condition. First, seed tubers with six different levels of R. solani sclerotia coverage were planted in the three soil treatments including: disinfected soil, non-disinfected soil and non-disinfected soil + inoculum. Accordingly, the effects of soil treatment were analyzed on each tuber infection level. To scrutinize this significant interaction, the effect of soil treatments were further analyzed on tuber infection level. The highest CS was observed in "non-disinfected soil+inoculum treament and seed tubers with more than 15% sclerotia coverage. The lowest CS was observed in seed tubers with zero or <1% and 1-5% sclerotia coverage. The highest CI was observed in the treatment of non-disinfected soil + inoculum+ seed tubers with more than 15% sclerotia coverage. Overall, in all soil treatments the tubers with more than 5% sclerotia coverage level, resulted in 70-100% production of infected stems and increased disease severity up to at least 30%. According to these results, it is recommended to plant sclerotia free seed tubers, but in the case of black scurf infection on seed tubers, this infection should not be more than 5%.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Black scurf
  • potato
  • root rot
  • seed-borne
  • soil-borne
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آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی
دوره 90، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 114
شهریور 1401
صفحه 11-25
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