تغییرات فصلی جمعیت و ترجیح میزبانی لارو شب‌پره آلو Grapholita funebrana در شرایط محیطی کرج

نوع مقاله : مدیریت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی

نویسندگان

سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، کرج، ایران

چکیده

پروانه میوه Grapholita funebrana یکی از زیان­ آورترین آفات آلو می­باشد. در این پژوهش تغییرات فصلی و ترجیح میزبانی جمعیت لارو شب پره روی 26 ژرم پلاسم آلو بررسی شد. صفات کمی و کیفی میـوه بررسی شدند. از روش تحلیل خوشه‏ای برای تفکیک ژرم­پلاسم­ ها و درجه تأثیر صفات میوه بر ترجیح میزبانی با محاسبه ضریب همبستگی و رگرسیون چندمتغیره بررسی شد. حداکثر شاخص لارو–روز مؤثر در ژرم‌پلاسم‌های آلو از 5/116 تا 5/42 عدد لارو- روز در اواخر تیر تا اوایل مرداد بود. بیشینه فعالیت لارو آفت در ارقام آنجلو، غلامان، خ-کرمانشاه و زوجلو در اواخر مرداد تا اوایل شهریور و در رقم کرمانشاه در اواخر خرداد ثبت شد. بیشترین و کم­ترین متوسط سه ساله شاخص ترجیح به‌ترتیب معادل 03/2 و 23/0 برای ژنوتیپ­های زوجلو و 19بود. خصوصیات مختلف میوه از جمله pH، درصد ماده خشک، ضخامت هسته، سفتی بافت گوشت، نسبت طول به قطر، قطر مهندسی، مساحت و درصد مواد جامد محلـول در بروز واکنش ترجیح میزبانی لارو مؤثر بودند. صفات مساحت سطح میوه، عرض میوه، قطر مهندسی و وزن تر میوه به‌ترتیب1/27، 2/13، 9/22 و 7/12درصد از تغییرات ترجیح میزبانی لارو شب­پره آلو را بیان نموده­است. نتایج این پژوهش برای انتخاب ارقام آلوی مناسب توسعه کشت در کشور از اهمیت بسیار زیادی برخوردار است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal population fluctuation and host preference of plum fruit moth larvae Grapholita funebrana in the environmental conditions of Karaj

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Latifian
  • Mohiedin Pirkhezri
  • Razieh Ghaemi
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Karaj, Iran. E-mail: masoud_latifian@yahoo.com
چکیده [English]

Plum fruit moth Grapholita funebrana is one of the most harmful pests of plum. In this research, the seasonal population fluctuation and host preference of the damaging plum moth population was investigated. Twenty six plum germplasms were used. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruits were evaluated. The cluster analysis method was used to separate cultivars and genotypes.Tthe degree of influence of different fruit characteristics on host preference was studied by calculating correlation and multiple regression analysis. The maximum index of effective larvae day was equal to 116.5 to 42.5 larvae per day for plum germplasms in late July to early August. The maximum activity of pest larvae was recorded with a slight delay in some cultivars such as Angelo, Gholaman, Kh-Kermanshah and Zojelo in late August to early September, and in others earlier in late June such as Kermanshah. The highest and lowest three-year average value of the preference index was 2.03 and 0.23 for Zojelo and 19 genotype, respectively. Various morphological and qualitative of the fruit characteristics including pH, core thickness, firmness of flesh tissue, ratio of length to diameter, engineering diameter, surface area and TSS were effective in the occurrence of larval host preference reaction. The fruit surface area, fruit width, engineering diameter and fruit fresh weight explained 27.1%, 13.2%, 22.9% and 12.7% of the host preference changes of plum moth larvae, respectively. The results of this research are important for the selection of suitable plum cultivars for the development of cultivation in the country.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Host preference
  • plum fruit moth
  • plum varietiy

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