بررسی بیماری زردی سیر در مزارع استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان،

2 موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

سیر گیاهی علفی از تیره پیازئیان (Alliaceae) است که از نظر تولید جهانی در بین گیاهان پیازی پس از پیاز رتبه دوم را به خود اختصاص داده است. این محصول در منطقه طارم استان زنجان یکی از محصولات زراعی مهم می­ باشد. در سال­ های گذشته بیماری جدیدی در منطقه با علائم زردی شدید و خشکیدگی انتهایی برگ‌ها شایع شد که با عنوان بیماری عارضه زردی سیر در منطقه شناخته می­ شود. به‌منظور شناسایی و بررسی میزان شیوع عامل بیماری در منطقه طارم، نمونه برداری از مزارع سیر در طی سه سال زراعی انجام و پس از کشت نمونه­ های برگی دارای علائم، شناسایی جدایه­ های قارچی با روش­ های ریخت­ شناسی و مولکولی انجام شد. بر اساس ویژگی­ های ریخت‌شناسی و توالی­یابی ناحیه ITS از DNA ریبوزومی و بخشی از نواحی ژنی گلیسرآلدئید-3-فسفات دهیدروژناز، کالمودولین و همچنین نتایج آزمون بیماری­ زایی، گونه Stemphylium vesicarium به‌عنوان عامل بیماری شناسایی شد. قارچ عامل بیماری از کلیه مزارع سیر شهرستان طارم جداسازی شد که نتایج حاصل بیان‌گر وسعت پراکنش و همه ­گیری بیماری در سراسر منطقه می­ باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Garlic yellowing disease in Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Zand 1
  • Hossein Jafary 2
  • Mounes Bakhshi 2
  • Shamsollah Najafi 3
1 Researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Researcher, Plant Protection Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Garlic is an herbaceous plant from the Alliaceae, which ranks second among Allium species after onions in terms of global production. Garlic is one of the most widely grown crops in Tarom County, Zanjan Province, Iran. Recently, a new disease with symptoms of severe yellowing and terminal drying of the leaves, known as garlic yellowing disease, was observed in many fields of Tarom County of Zanjan province. To identify the causal agent and assess the prevalence of garlic yellowing disease in Tarom, symptomatic leaves were collected from fields for three years. After isolation, the cause of garlic yellowing disease was identified as Stemphylium vesicarium, based on both morphological characteristics and sequencing of the rDNA-ITS, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and calmodulin (cmdA) genomic regions. A severe epidemic of yellowing disease on garlic caused by S. vesicarium was found in all garlic fields in Tarom. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allium sativum
  • garlic yellowing disease
  • Stemphylium vesicarium

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